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Sociology of art and its perspectives: prevailing discourse and possible recourses
Vostruhová, Anna ; Mlynář, Jakub (advisor) ; Paulíček, Miroslav (referee)
(in English): This thesis deals with the sociology of art, its prevailing discourse and the search for other possible ways of taking a sociological approach to art. The text is divided into three complementary sections. The first section addresses the problem of the representation of art through the interpretation of art history as the history of display and the resulting conceptual duality of illusion versus schematicity. In the second section, the focus is on analysing the assumptions underlying the dominant stream of art sociology. These are the social determinations of artistic discourse, the denial of the axiology of art, the legitimisation of art on the basis of its social function, and the unequal approach of the perception of art in society. The relevance of these propositions is, in the present work, parsed in much the same way as the unifying theoretical framework underlying these premises, namely the Marxist aesthetic theory. The work presented in this thesis therefore identifies Marxist materialism as an agent of determinism and the levelling of values in the sociology of art, based on well-founded arguments, and concludes that the Marxist approach to art is unsatisfactory and destructive to sociology. In the end, the work seeks other ways for the sociological reflection of art, through...
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Antidepressant Use as an Example of the Medicalization and Pharmaceuticalisation of Life
Holada, Matouš ; Paulíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kyselá, Eva (referee)
The term medicalization refers to the process through which a previously nonmedical issue newly becomes conceived of as a medical one. The aim of this thesis is to show how the utilization of this concept can help lead to a better understanding of the contemporary phenomenon of mass antidepressant consumption. I attempt to demonstrate here that the rise in antidepressant use, which has been occurring worldwide in the last few decades, must be understood as the result of a host of factors, among which a key role is played by changes in the conception of certain emotional states, previously understood as normal, as symptoms of mental illness. Aside from a general analysis of the factors that contribute to the consumption of these medications, the thesis also contains my own case study of one of them, namely the ways in which antidepressants are portrayed by the media. I focus on articles, published between the years 1996 and 2016 in Czech national newspapers and attempt to show how discussions about antidepressants, despite their relative neutrality, by accenting a medicalized frame of understanding mental problems help to create an environment, which supports their consumption.
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Work of Bedřich Václavek in historical-sociological perspective
Horáková, Kristýna ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Paulíček, Miroslav (referee)
Master's thesis describes the work of BedřichVáclavek in historical and sociological perspective. BedřichVáclavek was leading Marxist theorist, critic, esthetician, Germanist and folklorist. Its individual parts are treated at this thesis, like the evidence of his intellectual transformations over time. Emphasis is placed on a chronological line, which is accompanied by Václavek's work (criticism, theories, reflections, contributions in journals, collections and letter-writer). Thesis focuses primarily on summarizing on his work, where it comes to transitions from one artistic direction of a second, while takes into account the historical background reflecting the social situation on which Václavek responds. Theses tried to offer a comprehensive view of the versatility of Václavek's works, but also for his detailed biography, especially from birth and throughout the study (until 1922), which is the period when constructing patriotic thoughts and relationship to folklore. Master's thesis offers a viewofVáclavek'scontribution to the sociology ofliterature, whatwastheinspirationforsomecolleaguesof Václavek and hisfollowers. Keywords: sociology ofliterature, Bedřich Václavek, criticism, socialrealism, folklore, Olomouc and Václavek.
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Meaning of fashion as a way of expressing woman's individual self
Bílková Černá, Michaela ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Paulíček, Miroslav (referee)
English Abstract This Master Degree thesis takes up the topic of fashion and deals with the debate concerning fashion as a mean of expressing womens individual self. The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the meanings which women in todays society attach to fashion and their individual lived experience with this phenomenon. This text is based on theoretical assumptions of Gilles Lipovetsky as his conceptual understanding of fashion emphasises free agency of human beings and therefore stays against the opinions of traditional sociology of fashion. For a long time, the area of fashion had been neglected, however, in this text the subject is discussed as a socially relevant and historically developing phenomenon and as an unique institution, which is characteristic for a modern society. Theoretical outcome of this thesis is the suggestion that fashion might be understood as one of the means used by women to express their individual self. Woman is seen as an individual human being, who lives through her own unique experience, on the other hand, her behaviour, her own experience is limited by external factors and conditions.
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Exploitation of Sociological Research Methods and Techniques in Criminological Research Focusing on Unreported Criminality.
Zahradníčková, Kristýna ; Cejp, Martin (advisor) ; Paulíček, Miroslav (referee)
The title and main topic of this work is Exploitation of Sociological Research Methods and Techniques in Criminological Research Focusing on Unreported Criminality. Criminality threatens society and is one of the most difficult social phenomenons. Every year 50 % of reported crimes are solved. However criminologists think that the real criminality is much higher. Crime that is not registered is called unreported crime and lack of its knowledge causes many problems. Finding ways to analyze and understand the unreported crime is becoming a necessity. Data about unreported crime is currently mostly obtained from self- reports and victimological studies. Analysis of documents, opinion polls and experiments are also rarely used. In this work, I suggest usage of different sociological methods and techniques to improve research of unreported crime. Some of these are observation, ethnographic research and case studies with topographic method. I also suggest a model of consecutive crime. This model expects that committing a specific crime leads to committing other crimes as well. This model would improve knowledge of unreported crime.
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Reading Don DeLillo (Sociological Interpretation of Postmodern Literature)
Stehlík, Martin ; Paulíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
The relation between sociology and literature opens up a broad field for discussion because of their closeness. The diploma thesis pursues a rather uncommon approach to literature that searches for manifestations of sociological thought in literature in order to use them within contexts of thematically similar sociological theories. A considerable attention is paid to definition of this approach, especially in relation to standard methods of sociology of literature, and to subsequent formulation of its methodological starting-points. Sociological reading as introduced in the text interprets a literary work in the perspective of selected sociological theories to which the interpretation is reversely related in the following step. In the thesis the novel White Noise by Don DeLillo, a classical work of American postmodern fiction, is taken as an object of such interpretation. The theme of effects of the mass media in contemporary society marked out widely in the beginning is specified by selected theories of Jean Baudrillard and Niklas Luhmann. In the case of Baudrillard's theory of hyperreality and simulation, changes in relation between reality and representation, respectively disappearance of their traditional opposition, are concerned. Luhmann's social systems theory is used to explore the...
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Nicholas of Cusa and Discovery of Weighing
Růžička, Jáchym ; Paulíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Horák, Vít (referee)
The main goal of this paper is to enlight the failure of method of weighing discovered by Nicholas of Cusa using the perspective of the sociology of science. Based on Merton's theory of foci of interest as demonstrated on the case of Cusa's cosmology, is laid a claim, that there was a claim for the success of Kusansky's method of weighing. After the addition of Bourdieu's characteristics of scientific field and its theoretical limits we introduce two main possible science strategies: Succession and subversion. Subversion strategy is then applied on Cusa's method and therefore the paper concludes his low chances on success. Finally, with the help of Kuhn it is shown that strategy of subversion can only be successful if we redefine the basic principles of normal science and we compare this example to the case of the discovery of the weighing method, so we can point out what was Nicholas of Cusa missing on making his discovery more impactful and how could he raise his chances.
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Art Museums: Changes in their Social Function
Černá, Lucie ; Paulíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
Art museums still have an essential role, both for the art world and the wider society. This thesis deals mainly with their transformation and challenges they have to face in relation to contemporary society. It focuses on the development of museums, the transformation of values they embody and also on changes in normative expectations in conjunction with them. The paper also discusses the role of museums with increasing emphasis on their educational role, because this role could help museums to succeed in their current efforts to open to the wider audience. Today, these attempts to democratize represent crucial task of art museums. These efforts, however, depend on the concept of aesthetic taste which the paper also deals with. To be successful, it is desirable to view taste as a skill that can be cultivated through education. Since those who influence success in this field are museum professionals, this work deals also with their position within the museums and the art world and the strategies which are used by them. The fundamental shifts in art museums and their responses to the demands of the public occurred as a result of institutional critique that began in the 60's of last century. The new museology, critical curating and relational aesthetics can be included under this trend. As these...
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The concepts of the right art and their development in the time of coming abstraction in the USA
Váňová, Veronika ; Veselská, Jindra (advisor) ; Paulíček, Miroslav (referee)
The question of the existence of the right art has been solved by many theorists and artists themselves. The first half of the twentieth century was affected by the coming world wars, Nazism and socialism. The establishment of avant-garde was associated with it and new movements tried to confront such society. Along with avant-garde artistic critics appeared, those who more or less influenced artists themselves. Theories of Friedrich Nietzsche, Theodor Adorno, Jean Francois Lyotard, Clement Greenberg and Leo Steinberg are different, but are also consistent with the fundamental thing. That is the desire for a change and accuracy of art. The first two authors think that the right art was already there, but it was destroyed. Others are looking into present and future. In the shadow of modern technologies they try to find something that will be unique and original. These thoughts come to the imagination of unrepresent-able things and abstraction. Abstract Expressionism is a movement, which was originally established in the thirties in the USA. Along with it, the art center moved from Paris to New York. Abstract Expressionists were divided into two groups. One of them, artists such as Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning, has been called action painters. The second group, in which Barnett Newman and...
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