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Additive technologies in the automotive industry
Beneš, Petr ; Kučera, Pavel (referee) ; Píštěk, Václav (advisor)
The deals of this bachelor's thesis are individual technologies of additive manufacturing and their use in the field of automotive production and development of automotive parts. As part of the work, five specific additive manufacturing methods with the greatest benefit to the automotive industry were selected. The technological procedures were described and characterized their essence, possibilities, pros and cons. The following is a detailed description of how the mentioned technologies are currently used in automotive production. The description is supplemented with examples of specific parts and projects where additive manufacturing was used. In conclusion, the possible future direction of the development of additive technologies is evaluated with the aim of expanding their use in automobile production. The thesis gains information mainly from foreign internet portals publishing articles in the field of the automotive industry or production technologies. The websites of 3D printer manufacturers and companies involved in the commercial use of additive manufacturing were also a quality source of information.
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Neural networks used in autonomous vehicles
Ryšavý, Jan ; Píštěk, Václav (referee) ; Kučera, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the use of neural networks in autonomous vehicles. The first part of the thesis presents the basic principles of neural networks and learning methods that are used in autonomous vehicles. Then the thesis describes the architecture and functions of neural networks. The second part of the thesis also describes the different types of autonomous vehicles, their classifications and an overview of the sensors used by autonomous vehicles. The last part of the thesis deals with the implementation of neural networks in ECUs using programming languages and libraries, and applications such as object detection and marker recognition.
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Ecological municipal vehicles
Kilian, Jakub ; Kučera, Pavel (referee) ; Píštěk, Václav (advisor)
Presented thesis deals with a municipal vehicles with environmental-friendly propulsion. The focus was specified to universal implement carriers. The market for these vehicles is currently dynamic and it is not easy to find your way around it. Municipal vehicles are also a good ex-ample for an environmental-friendly propulses implementation. As a part of this study the overview of parameters of ten municipal vehicles offered in Czech Republic was made. These were compared for the purpose of finding the most suitable substitute of currently used vehi-cles. Based on the analyze of municipal companies car fleet were then chosen three vehicles suitable for future environmental-friendly propulsion implementation. For selected vehicle were hereafter considered multiple options of the drivetrain design and the most suitable one was chosen.
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Operation of electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and vehicles with an internal combustion engine
Herzog, Radim ; Píštěk, Václav (referee) ; Kučera, Ondřej (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the comparison of different propulsion concepts and their consumption, efficiency, and amount of emissions produced during operation. Although electric vehicles do not produce any local emissions, it is necessary to consider that emissions are generated during the production of electricity in power plants. The main part of the thesis introduces the functional principles of individual propulsion systems. Furthermore, it describes the formation of exhaust gas emissions in combustion engines and outlines their limits. Subsequently, the amount of emissions produced by a power plant for the operation of a specific example of an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle is calculated. Finally, a comparison of emissions production from representative examples of each propulsion system is illustrated.
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Acquisition of inputs by image processing for controlling an autonomous vehicle
Midrla, Daniel ; Píštěk, Václav (referee) ; Kučera, Pavel (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with data acquisition by image processing in order to control an autonomous vehicle. Firstly, the thesis offers a summary of theoretical knowledge relevant to the given topic. Then follows a description of creating an algorithm, which acquires basic inputs for autonomous vehicle control with the use of a stereo camera and an object detection neural network. The inputs gained from this algorithm are the class of the detected object and its distance. Finally, an experimental evaluation of the correct functionality is performed with an emphasis on optimizing the accuracy and range of the distance computation. An assessment of the ability to deploy the created algorithm in real time on a compact computer with limited computing power is also performed.
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Autonomous control of the vehicle through image processing
Fronc, Leoš ; Píštěk, Václav (referee) ; Kučera, Pavel (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of autonomous vehicles and especially lane detection. The paper describes and compares two main approaches to the lane detection - using traditional methods of computer vision and convolutional neural networks. The aim of the work was to create a system that would be able to recognize road lanes in a real time. The proposed system consisted of a Jetson Nano computer, a ZED stereo camera and a programmed algorithm. In total, two algorithms have been developed that use completely different approaches. Finally, the whole system was tested in terms of functionality and lane recognition.
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Synthetic fuels
Pitoňák, Adam ; Kučera, Pavel (referee) ; Píštěk, Václav (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis on the topic “Synthetic fuels” aims to introduce the reader to the issue of synthetic fuels and the possibilities of their application for internal combustion engines as alternatives to the conventional fuels derived from fossil sources. The first part of the work is focused on the introduction and division of synthetic fuels according to primary raw material. Subsequently, the properties of the fuels are compared with commonly used fossil fuels. The thesis also deals with the comparison of the equivalents of the emissions of individual synthetic fuels per unit of thermal energy supplied to the engine. Thanks to the model presented in the thesis, it is possible to compare the amount of CO2 equivalent per driven kilometre. The conclusion of this work summarizes the result of the comparison of synthetic fuels with prospects of such fuel in the future.
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Hydrogen fuel cells
Kejval, Dan ; Kučera, Pavel (referee) ; Píštěk, Václav (advisor)
The replacement of the current fuels and engines presents one of the most important tasks not only for vehicle manufacturers but also in the energy industry. Whole world is trying to limit the production of greenhouse gasses which pollute the environment and switch to sources that will not produce any harmful emissions as fast as possible. One of these are hydrogen fuel cells, which are the focus of the thesis and explains how hydrogen is produced and stored. It shows the principle on which they work, what designs currently exist and also evaluates their efficiency. According to temperature and material of the electrolyte they can be divided into various types which offer a wide range of performances and their use. Thanks to that, this device began to spread both in the Czech Republic, where the effort is to firstly expand public transportation to include busses using the hydrogen fuel cells and at foreign vehicle manufacturers where carmakers such Toyota and Hyundai already mass-produce passenger cars, trucks or buses with this source of electricity.
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Crank mechanism with a high mechanical efficiency
Drápal, Lubomír ; Tůma, Jiří (referee) ; Páv,, Karel (referee) ; Píštěk, Václav (advisor)
This document describes the possibilities of increasing the mechanical efficiency of the crank train of an internal-combustion engine. For this purpose, a concept with a reduced number of main bearings is chosen and its contribution is verified experimentally. The proposed solution consists of an innovative crankshaft design of a four-cylinder spark-ignition engine with only three main journal bearings and laser-welded sheet metal crank webs. The new design is compared to the mass-produced one in terms of friction losses, vibrations and loading of engine parts by means of simulations of crank train dynamics using the Multi-Body System. The increase in vibration, accompanied by a reduction in friction losses, is compensated by a torsional vibration damper and its effect is experimentally verified. Experimental research of laser welds on the crankshaft in terms of fatigue life is also described. The overall potential is also summarised and further possible development of this innovative and patented design is outlined.
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Modification of a three-cylinder diesel engine to a single cylinder test engine
Rejnuš, Miroslav ; Kučera, Pavel (referee) ; Píštěk, Václav (advisor)
The master thesis deals with the design of a single-cylinder diesel piston internal combustion test engine by modifying the initial mass-produced three-cylinder engine. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the introduction to the problems of diesel and experimental single cylinder engines. Subsequent chapters focus on the adaptation of the baseline engine itself, including balancing of inertial forces. Furthermore, the crankshaft operability is checked, including the determination of safety against high-cycle fatigue. The last chapter deals with the design of the connection of the adapted unit to the dynamometer.
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