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Radiation doses from low-dose CT in patients and medical staff by SPECT/CT
Kvasilová, Alena ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Skibová, Daniela (referee)
"Low dose" CT (140 keV, 2,5 mA) Hawkeye produces significantly lower intensity of the beam than x-ray diagnostic CT. However, growing interest in hybrid SPECT/CT and the number of examinations require monitoring of additional dose in order to keep patients radiation burden as low as possible. Effective (E) and equivalent (HT) doses in several types of SPECT/CT examinations performed on scintillation camera Infinia/Hawkeye were calculated using "ImPACT CT Patient Dosimetry Calculator". The doses from "low-dose" CT have been compared with those from radionuclides used in SPECT. E values mean±SD (min-max) from "low-dose" CT was 1,86±0,13 (1,73-2,04) mSv in SPECT/CT of myocardial perfusion ( " T c - Myoview), 0,26±0,04 (0,20-0,37) mSv in SPECT/CT of parathyroid glands ("mTc-MIBI) and 0,83±0,52 (0,21-1,73) mSv in SPECT/CT of bone CmTc- MDP). In oncology SPECT/CT examinations, E from "low-dose" CT was 1,07±0,51 (0,45-2,25) mSv using mIn-Octreoscan and 1,16±0,48 (0,54-2,40) mSv using l23I-MIBG. The maximum E from "low-dose" CT was 11% of E from 2200 MBq "mTc-Myoview, 6% of E from 700 MBq "mTc-MIBI and 43% of E from 700 MBq "mTc-MDP. In oncology examinations E from "low-dose" CT was 21% of E from 200 MBq m 1 In-Octreoscan and 92% of E from 200 MBq I-MIBG. "Low-dose" CT does not increase effective doses of staff.
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Verification of fermentative process of grape juice
Procházková, Lenka ; Nováková, Olga (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This thesis deals with identification of yeasts isolated during spontaneous fermentation of grape juice. For analysis the Pinot Noir grape variety grown in the integrated vineyard was chosen. In the theoretical part of this thesis basic information about yeasts are described. Genera of yeasts that occurs during fermentation process and methods based on PCR are also described. In this thesis PCR-RFLP method was used for identification of yeasts. The amplification of the 5,8S-ITS rDNA sequence was performed by the polymerase chain reaction with use of the primers ITS1 and ITS4. The restriction analysis was performed by applying five restriction endonucleases: HaeIII, HinfI, Taq?, AluI, MseI. The amplicons were split into fragments which length and number are typical for the particular species. These fragments were identified by agarose gel electrophoresis and electrophoreograms were evaluated by BioNumerics software. Dendrograms representing genetic similarity of isolated wine yeasts were created by using UPGMA cluster analysis.
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The problem of blood collecting for testing blood culture.
NOVÁKOVÁ, Olga
Current situation: Blood culture is intended to detect infection in the bloodstream. Increasingly today, complications of diseases like toxicemia, bacteremia and sepsis occur.Diagnosis of sepsis is not easy and blood culture plays an irreplaceable role. Blood sampling for blood culture is one of the technically challenging and time-consuming procedures, and these samples must be perfectly controlled by the nurses.Point of interest: Risk factors identification that may affect the results of blood culture relating to the collection of blood cultures was the main aim of the research. Determination of nurses' knowledge and compliance with the recommended procedures for collecting blood cultures, and identifi cation of the most frequently committed sisters' errors was the main objective.Participants: The research sample was chosen on purpose, with respect to the research problem. Group consisted of nurses working in the Department of Infectious Diseases in Hospital České Budějovice.Results: The recommended procedures of blood culture collection and risk factors that affect the result of blood culture are reviewed.The results of observations showed the errors of nurses taking blood culture are most often perpetrated.Nurses' knowledge is sufficient regarding the recommended sampling procedure and rules characterizing this collection, as detected by conducting interviews. Nurses are apprised with the procedure, and are able to justify different methods.Conclusion: Patients' lives could be saved by the correct diagnosis of bloodstream infections. The nurses have a high responsibility to perform their procedures in accordance with the sandards possible to eliminate risk factors that may affect the outcome of blood culture examination. The outcome of this work is to identify the most common errors made by the nurses and to propose preventive measures that would eliminate exposed areas of risk. The errors may be caused by ignorance, the automated process and also different time and mental pressure in patient care.
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Subsidies Provided by the City Council in České Budějovice for the Purchase of Compensatory Aids
NOVÁKOVÁ, Olga
In my work I dealt with subsidies for the purchase of compensatory aids provided by the City Council in České Budějovice in 2007 and 2008. The aim of the work has been to find out if disabled people, the subsidy applicants, are satisfied with the amount of the subsidies and if the new aid helps them eliminate, alleviate or even overcome their handicap. The theoretical part is concerned with the subsidy scheme and the legal regulations which form the framework for granting subsidies provided by social department officers. This part also explains what the expressions ``compensatory aids`` and {\clqq}disabled person`` mean. The practical part contains a questionnaire survey which was conducted with chosen disabled people on the subsidy for compensatory aids granted by the City Council in České Budějovice.in 2007 and 2008. The findings helped me evaluate my hypotheses stated at the beginning. The outcome of my work will be used at the City Council in České Budějovice as a method of providing disabled people with subsidies for buying compensatory aids.
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