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Nosocomial Infections on Intensive Care Units
Zavřelová, Martina ; Lutovský, Roman (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
The aim of this thesis is summarising the issue of hospital related infections on intensive care units in district hospitals. This issue is greatly underestimated. The background section discusses the different types of healthcare acquired infection, where they are most commonly found and the most common types. They use statistical data to confirm these points. Within this section risk factors and preventive measures are also discussed. The researchers use a questionnaire to assess the intensive care units staff's knowledge of the procedures to prevent a healthcare acquired infection. The data is expressed using tables and graphs to aid clarity. The results of research reveal, that the staff all downgrade the prevalence and prevention of hospital acquired infections. Key words: Healthcare acquired infections / Nosocomial disease Prevention of hospital related diseases Hand hygiene Intensive care
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Steatosis of liver and mitochondrial dysfunction
Páleníčková, Eliška ; Balková, Patricie (referee) ; Novák, František (advisor)
Aim: To determine the effect of diet-induced steatosis in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver and hepatic sensitivity to the partial ischemia. Methods: Male Wistar rats (361 ± 8.8 g) were fed standard (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Partial ischemia was induced by short-term clamp (20 min) of vein porta two days before the end of the experiment. Results: Ten-week HFD administration lead due to increased ketogenesis the altered glucose tolerance elevated serum NEFA. We demonstrated the inhibitory effect of HFD on the respiratory capacity of mitochondria in vitro. HFD negatively affected the activity of antioxidant systems and stimulated the formation of lipoperoxides. Partial ischemia had no efect on the mitochondrial oxidative capacity but significantly elevated the oxidative stress. Conclusion: HFD administration lead to the development of fatty liver that was still not accompanied by biochemical markers of liver injury. Nevertheless, we proved the impairment of to mitochondrial respiratory capacity, signs of structural damage of mitochondria and the increased sensitivity to oxidative damage of the liver. Subject words: biochemistry, physiology Keywords: mitochondria, HFD, ischemia, respiratory chain, antioxidant systém, ROS
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Nutrition disordes in the intensive care unit
Pavelková, Eva ; Bartůněk, Petr (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
The graduation theses is oriented on the problems of nutrition disordes in the intensiv care unit. In the theoretical part are contained a basic informations about nutrition disordes. In the practical part is covered the nursing case report of the patient suffering from anorexia nervosa and with the help qualitative research were charted indices to related hospitalization the patients with nutrition disordes in the unit intensive specializations.
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