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Olive oil and health properties.
Kavvalou, Angeliki ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis explores and shows some effects of olive oil on people's wellbeing, as they have been studied in recent times. It is examined to be a very beneficial food for the organism, and because of its composition, it can give a boost and power to the immune system, especially to people with a very weak immune system. It can also be divided into some specific categories according to the composition, acidity and cultivation of the fruit. Some general characteristics of olives and olive oil will be mentioned. About olives, we will analyze the early procedures such as the cultivation, cooling and flowering, some qualitative characteristics and the variety of olives. The basic categories will be analyzed including Extra Virgin olive oil, Refined olive oil and-so-on, the concentration of each type and what they include, the quality and lastly the way olive oil should be present in the market meaning the standardization, the packaging and the marking. In addition, the chemical composition of olive oil will be mentioned such as phospholipids, hydrocarbons, carotenoids, chlorophylls, vitamins, tocopherols, sterols triterpenoid alkaloids and phenols. Also, it contains some antioxidants like flavonoids, carotenoids, natural and synthetic antioxidants. The role of antioxidants will also get...
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Histopathological alterations in lungs associated with COVID-19
Šindelářová, Valerie ; Němečková, Ivana (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Author: Valerie Šindelářová, Dis. Supervisior: RNDr. Ivana Němečková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Histopathological alterations in lungs associated with COVID-19 The bachelor thesis is focused on histopathological alterations in the lungs associated with viral disease COVID-19. The theoretical part deals with anatomy, histology and lung function. There is also an overview of lung diseases caused by viral and bacterial agents. The main part is devoted to COVID-19 disease and histopathological methods of necropsy material processing. The practical part presents individual case reports - patients in whom COVID-19 was identified as the main cause of death and in whom this disease left visible changes in lung tissue. A preparation of the physiological lungs and the lungs of a patient with bronchopneumonia is also included here for comparison. COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which affects the whole organism. However, it most often causes serious respiratory diseases - such as pneumonia, lung malfunction or acute respiratory distress syndrome. This bachelor's thesis is focused exactly on...
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Complex morphological, immunohistochemical, molecular genetic and clinical pathological analysis of rare types of ovarian cancers
Galko, Kamila ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Němečková, Ivana (referee)
Ovarian carcinomas are heterogenous group of diseases comprising various histotypes. Ovarian carcinomas as a whole are associated with the highest lethality among the female genital tumors. Currently, 5 main types of carcinomas are recognized: high grade serous carcinoma, low grade serous carcinoma, endometroid carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma. Other types, e.g. Brenner tumors, are very rare. Ovarian carcinomas are very diverse group with various precursors, morphology, genetic aberrations, epidemiologic and clinical, features, therapy and prognosis. The most studied and understood is high grade serous carcinoma with high incidence (up to 70 % of ovarian carcinomas). The number of studies dedicated to this tumor is still increasing. Other types of carcinomas are much less frequent, therefore related studies are rarer. Due to the rapid development of targeted therapy, it is necessary to evaluate the tumors not only morphologically but also on immunohistochemical and genetic level. Detection of neoantigens may indicate the mutation load of a tumor, it is also possible to evaluate status of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and other features leading to chromosomal aberrations. In contrast to the high grade serous carcinoma, as for other types of carcinomas, knowledge about their...
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Immunohistochemical analysis of endoglin expression and biomarkers of inflammation during liver fibrosis after Carotuximab administration
Široká, Veronika ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Vitverová, Barbora (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Title of Diploma Thesis: Immunohistochemical analysis of endoglin expression and biomarkers of inflammation during liver fibrosis after Carotuximab administration Author: Veronika Široká Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: prof. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Background: The aim of this diploma thesis was to analyze changes in the expression of endoglin and markers of inflammation VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in liver in an experimental mouse model of liver fibrosis, which was induced by administration of a diet containing 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-collidine (DDC). Another aim was to elucidate the effect of carotuximab administration on the expression of these markers after fibrosis induction, and to determine whether carotuximab administration effects the process of liver fibrosis by endoglin inhibition. Methods: The experimental mice were divided into three groups - the control group, which was fed a standard (chow) diet, the DDC group, which was fed a DDC-supplemented diet, and the DDC/TRC105 group, which was administrated by carotuximab along with the DDC diet. Liver tissue samples from all three groups were subjected to histochemical staining to detect steatosis (light microscopy) and indirect...
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Carotiximab effects on endoglin expression and signaling in liver fibrosis
Mohammadi, SeyedehNiloufar ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Rathouská, Jana (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical science Carotuximab effect on endoglin expression and signaling in liver fibrosis Diploma thesis Seyedehniloufar Mohammadi Hradec Králové 2022 Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Consultant: M.Sc. Samira Eissazadeh Abstract Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D Student: Seyedehniloufar Mohammadi Title of the thesis: Carotuximab effects on endoglin expression and signaling in liver fibrosis Objective of the thesis Endoglin is a 180 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a coreceptor for binding to the Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily and is found in two forms in the blood: membrane endoglin (Eng) and soluble endoglin (sEng) circulating in the blood. It has been demonstrated that Eng might play an important role in the process of liver fibrosis, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. According to different studies, Eng can have prefibrotic or antifibrotic activity. The precise impact of Eng expression and signalling changes, and sEng levels during liver disorders are still unknown. Carotuximab, TRC105 (chimeric IgG1), is a therapeutic monoclonal antibody that binds to...
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Nutritive factors in etiopatogenesis of metabolic syndrom.
Hadrbolcová, Lenka ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
1 Souhrn Atereskleróza vzniká na základě různých faktorů, které lze rozdělit na ovlivnitelené a neovlivnitelné. Rozvoj aterosklerózy podporuje stárnutí. U mužů a u žen je to jiné období života. Rozdily mezi pohlavími jsou dány hlavně přítomností hormonální odlišností obou pohlaví. Jistou roli hraje také dědičnost. Neodmyslitelnou součásti prevence aterosklerózy je "správný" životní styl a stravovací návyky. Silným aterogennim faktorem je LDL cholesterol. U rizikových pacientů je vhodné sledovat jeho hladinu v pravidelných intervalech. Hraniční hodnota mezi normální a zvýšenou hladinou celkového cholesterolu je 0,02 g/l. Hladina LDL by se měla pohybovat u dospělého člověka v rozmezí 0.013g/l-0,0159g/l. Hladina HDL by měla být o 0,0035 g/l vyšši než hladina HDL. Vyšší hodnota krevniho tlaku než je 140/90 mmHg výrazně zatěžuje srdce a poškozuje endotel cévy. Velmi silným aterogenním faktorem je kouření cigaret. Cigaretový kouř působí na rozvoj aterosklerózy hned několika mechanismy současně. Nejvýznamnějším je zvýšení oxidačního stresu a k následné oxidativní modifikaci LDL cholesterolu. V důsledku zvýšené hladiny fibrinogenu se zhoršuje reologie krve. Ve velmi krátké době poškozuje cévy také trvale vysoká hladina krevních cukrů, která je příznakem nekompenzovaného diabetu. V dnešní době výrazně zvyšuje riziko...
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Immunomodulators
Horká, Zuzana ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxikology Candidate: Zuzana Horká Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. František Štaud, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Immunomodulators The master thesis focuses on modern approaches in the immunomodulatory therapy. The immune system is together with the nervous and endocrine system one of the basic regulating mechanisms of the human body. The main function of the immune system is to maintain its integrity. The disturbances of the immune reactions can lead to the development of various pathologies or diseases. In these cases a therapeutic effect on the immune system with appropriate drugs - immunomodulators is appropriate. These medicaments are capable of inhibiting or stimulating the immune reaction. Immunosuppressive pharmacotherapy is used to treat allergic and autoimmune diseases and in transplantation medicine. Immunosuppressants are a very large group of substances. They differ from each other by their chemical structure and mechanism of its action. Within the frame of immunosuppressives this work elaborates in detail the calcineurin inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, fingolimod and the theme of monoclonal antibodies. The stimulation of the immune system through appropriate immunomodulator finds its application...
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Screening for systemic amyloidoses in endoscopic biopsy samples.
Květoň, Martin ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Němečková, Ivana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Diploma thesis Candidate: Bc. Martin Květoň Branch of study: Specialist in Laboratory Methods Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Title: Screening for systemic amyloidoses in endoscopic biopsy samples BACKGROUND Systemic amyloidoses constitute a complex and heterogeneous group of serious diseases that result from protein misfolding and whose common feature is the deposition of pathological protein substances (amyloid) in the extracellular space of tissues. Diagnostics of amyloidoses is based on histopathological examination of tissue samples and direct demonstration of the presence of amyloid deposits. The overall purpose of this diploma thesis was to create, apply and subsequently evaluate a screening program focused on systemic amyloidoses. METHODS In the first part of the experimental study, available staining techniques used for the detection of amyloid deposits in the tissue were compared. The second part of the experimental study consisted of performing screening examinations on endoscopic biopsy samples of the gastrointestinal tract. RESULTS Based on the results of comparison, a method employing the Sirius red F3B dye was chosen as a suitable screening technique....
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Calculus Bovis effect on blood lipids and the expression of endothelial NO synthesis / / in ApoE-deficient mouse model of atherosclerosis
Studená, Romana ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Trejtnar, František (referee)
Calculus Bovis is one of the most precious and commonly-used medicinal materials in China. It is consists predominantly bilirubin and bile acids. In this thesis we focused on possible effects of Calculus Bovis on lipids and atherogenesis in apoE-deficient mice. ApoE-deficient mice were fed standard diet for 2 weeks. At the age of 8 weeks the control group of animals were fed with the western type diet, which contained 21% fat and 0,15% cholesterol for 8 weeks. The same atherogenic diet was used in Calculus Bovis group, where Calculus Bovis was added to the atherogenic diet at the dosage of 50 mg/kg b.wt. Calculus Bovis (Artificial bezoar, Biopharma, Australia) per day. The biochemical analysis of lipid spectrum was done, area of atherosclerotic lesions was determined and imunohistochemical and stereological analysis of eNOS expression was performed as well. Calculus bovis treatment did not affect blood lipids, total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, HDL and TAG when compared with control mice. Moreover Calculus bovis treatment did not decrease either atherosclerotic plaque area or endothelial expression of eNOS. The failure of Calculus Bovis treatment in this pilot study could be probably related to insufficient dose of Calculus Bovis.
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