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Efficiency analysis of the heat source with heat pumps
Miklas, Václav ; Hejčík, Jiří (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the gross COP analysis of the heat source with heat pumps. In the first part, summary of the heat pump research including progressive technologies is presented. The main part is the case study dealing with the efficiency analysis of the heating system based on air source heat pumps. That includes theoretical formulation of the conditions which affects gross COP of the heat pumps. The main contribution is the evaluation of measured data. The outcome of evaluation is the average COP in the selected period. The outcome also includes dependence of the COP on different conditions and comparison of the evaluated COP and the theoretical one. Consequently, some methods for optimal operating of the heat source are recommended.
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Current methods for reducing energy consumption in industrial processes
Lauterbach, David ; Miklas, Václav (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with methods used for reducing energy consumption in industrial processes, their categorization, evaluation of approaches from the point of view of practical applicability, and formulation of leads for choosing the suitable one. First, the process improvement issue is introduced, followed by potential methods which are used nowadays. Furthermore, three chosen methods are presented (Pinch Analysis, Debottlenecking, and Energetic Management) that are often used in process improvement. Case studies, evaluation, and basic leads for their right choice are provided with the methods. In the last part, the European Union plan and the potential of given methods for fulfilling the requirements are presented. This thesis can be convenient primarily for getting familiar with the process improvement issue, given methods and how they can contribute to fulfilling EU requirements in the field of energy and environmental sustainability.
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Biomethane production in biogas plants
Matoušek, Jakub ; Miklas, Václav (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the production of biomethane in biogas plants. The introductory part presents the operation of the biogas plant, its inputs, components, and products. The main part of the thesis deals with the perspective of biomethane in the Czech Republic and Europe and progressive technologies for the conversion of biogas to biomethane. The basic principle, advantages and disadvantages of each upgrade method are given. Common technologies at the level of commercial readiness include high pressure water scrubbing, organic physical scrubbing, chemical scrubbing process, pressure swing adsorption and membrane separation. The mentioned methods of biogas upgrading are evaluated and compared with regard to their practical applicability in the Czech environment.
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Interiors of small and medium enterprises as a source of waste heat for a heat pump
Valachovič, Filip ; Miklas, Václav (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
Environmental problems and the recent high rise in energy prices are forcing us to look for more sophisticated and more energy-efficient solutions. As a result, more and more renewable energy sources and waste heat are being used. Sources of waste heat, which have so far remained outside the area of interest, such as waste heat contained in the air of industrial interiors, are thus becoming the subject of interest. This waste heat undoubtedly has huge potential in many industries. The use of waste heat is always complemented by a certain technology. In terms of operating costs and the environment, the heat pump seems to be a perspective solution. The main goal of the presented thesis is to evaluate the application potential of heat pumps for the use of waste heat contained in the air of the interiors of small and medium enterprises. The first part deals with an overview of available technologies for the use of waste heat, introduction to heat pump technology, the issue of heat load of industrial buildings and due to the possibility of using a heat pump for cooling the interior, attention is also paid to hygienic requirements for the quality of the interior. The second part of the work presents a conceptual design of the integration of the heat pump into the selected process – laundry facility. The methodology of the solution consists of the selection and analysis of the process in terms of heat energy, heat pump design, economic analysis, and evaluation of the achieved results. The currently available waste heat in the air of the examined laundry corresponds to 37 kJ and the heat load corresponds to the heat output of 526 kW. The minimum heat output of the heat pump for heating 4.3 m3 of water per hour corresponds to 170 kW at a compressor electrical input of approximately 23 kW. This parameters, current energy prices, an estimated investment of CZK 1.5 million and compared to water heating by natural gas combustion give a payback return in less than 6 months. Given the current energy prices, it can be stated that the heat pump is the optimal solution in this case. It is surprising that no work on this topic has been created yet and it can be stated that the diploma thesis presents a completely unique solution with a high potential not only in the laundry process.
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Integration of a technology for digestate thickening in a biogas plant
Miklas, Václav ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This diploma thesis is mainly focused on the digestate thickening in a biogas plant. First, overview of the biogas technology in the Czech Republic is presented. Furthermore, problems with waste heat utilization and processing of fermentation residues (digestate) are described in more detail. Based on the research, multi-stage flash (MSF) evaporation was chosen as the technology for the digestate thickening. The main part deals with the integration of the chosen technology into a biogas plant process. The programming language Python was used to simplify the given task. In the preliminary stage, a complex mathematical model of a biogas plant was created, focusing particularly on the mass and energy balances. Subsequently, a computational model of the MSF evaporator was programmed. A procedure for the integration was suggested using the sensitivity analyses. Additionally, the model of a biogas plant was extended with the MSF evaporator. The key outcome of the thesis is a technical-economic analysis in which the impact of digestate transport price and electricity feed-in tariff on payback period is investigated. The results suggest profitability of MSF evaporator for biogas plants without subsidized feed-in tariff. Contrastingly, installation of MSF evaporator in older biogas plants with subsidized feed-in tariff can be economically viable only in cases of significantly longer transport distances.
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Control methods for wastewater pH
Picka, Marek ; Vondra, Marek (referee) ; Miklas, Václav (advisor)
The bachelor thesis initially deals with the process of wastewater treatment with a focus on measurement, pH control and related issues. The pH value is an important parameter in wastewater treatment, which influences physical, chemical and biological processes as well as digestate treatment processes. This paper focuses on the process of thickening of digestate from a biogas plant by evaporation, which is normally associated with the leakage of volatile ammonia into the distillate. In order to eliminate this phenomenon, four methods of pH reduction were compared, which leads to the conversion of nitrogen from the volatile undesirable form 3 to the desirable form + 4 or 3 , which does not evaporate into the distillate during the evaporation process but remains in the concentrate, thus yielding a high quality fertilizer. Of the 4 methods discussed, the nitrification method appears to be the best in terms of the quality of the fertilizer output, but its disadvantage is the long retention time. From the point of view of flue gas utilization, lowering the pH by bubbling 2 and acidification with acid is a suitable method. For cases where speed and low acquisition costs are important, pH reduction with acid is preferable, unless high operating costs are a problem. In order to assess the correct method of pH reduction for a particular biogas plant, a techno-economic evaluation and consideration of other operational constraints is required and will be the subject of future work.
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Design calculation of an exmperimental striping unit
Florian, Tibor ; Miklas, Václav (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to design a stripping column according to given requirements. At the beginning, the contaminant is described, in this case ammonia. Next section is putting emphasis on stripping columns, the principle, possible construction options etc. The main part of this thesis is focused on the design itself, including calculation of various parameters as well as simplified construction possibility. Drawing documentation is included in the attachment.
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Production scheduling by advanced algorithms
Voňka, Radim ; Miklas, Václav (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
Production planning is an integral part of all factory companies. Achieving effective planning in piece production companies is very complicated. Optimization algorithms are used to solve complex planning-related problems, which can effectively solve problems in real time and thus achieve the desired results. The creation and implementation of capacity planning in order to minimize production times in the company is the topic of the thesis. The Python programming language is used to create a tool for optimal production planning.
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Technology solution for energy savings in industrial processes
Cyž, Antonín ; Miklas, Václav (referee) ; Konečná, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is a search of known technological solutions for energy saving in industrial processes. The first part contains a description of the methodology for the analysis of energy consumption in the company. The first part also solves some of the statutory obligations of an energetic area in companies. Then follows a description and possible use of individual technological devices. The theoretical part of the work evaluates and describes the possibilities to increase the energy efficiency of an industrial laundry. Finally, the economic – energy balance of a specific operation is analyzed, including the evaluation of the financial return on investment.
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Combined heat and power production planning in a waste-to-energy plant using machine learning
Kollmann, Marek ; Miklas, Václav (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
V rámci tohoto výzkumu bylo použito strojové učení k optimalizaci plánování výroby na den dopředu zařízení na energetické zpracování odpadu (Waste-to-Energy, WtE), které se potýká s problémy, jako jsou nekvalitní data, nekontrolovatelná externí spotřeba a kolísající výroba páry v důsledku použití odpadu jako zdroje paliva. Hlavním cílem bylo předpovídat s vysokou přesností výkon přenášený do sítě, čehož bylo dosaženo vytvořením komplexního modelu sestávajícího ze sedmi dílčích kaskádovitě uspořádaných modelů. Každý dílčí model byl kriticky vyhodnocen pomocí standardních ukazatelů, jako je R2 a průměrná absolutní chyba. Zjištění odhalila významné zlepšení přesnosti předpovědí, což vedlo k vyváženějším výrobním plánům a snížení provozních penále. Tento přístup vedl k odhadovanému ročnímu zvýšení dodaného výkonu o 13 % a zisku o 2,6 milionu Kč pro konkrétní závod.
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