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Biotechnological production of PHA by selected bacterial isolates
Matějka, Filip ; Šedrlová, Zuzana (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) using thermophilic bacterial isolates with designation 34, 35 and BŽ. Bacterial straines were isolated from activated sludge and compost The theoretical part contains a description of PHA, extremophilic bacteria and detection techniques for the determination of polyhydroxyalkanoates. In the experimental part, the presence of the phaC gene, which is crucial for the ability to produce PHA, was first determined by PCR and bacterial strains were also subjected to DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA gene which enabled preliminary taxonomical classification of the isolates. In the next part of the experimental work, the conditions for biomass growth and PHA production were optimized. Suitable carbon source, the ideal temperature for cultivation and the influence of precursors on the production of copolymers were studied and identified. The composition and proportion of PHA were determined spectrophotometrically and by GC-FID. Finally, visual screening of PHA accumulation inside bacterial cells was performed using fluorescence microscopy.
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New Media and Sport: Repeated Confrontation with Failure on the Example of Ice Hockey Coach Josef Jandac
Matějka, Filip ; Řehořová, Irena (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with the relationship between new media and sport. The main research problem is the repeated confrontation with failure on the example of professional ice hockey coach Josef Jandac. The aim of the presented thesis is to examine how Jandac's media image evolved on selected new media platforms (news websites and social networks). We also want to explore to what extent the content presented by each new media differed and whether confrontation with failure prevailed at certain times. Qualitative content analysis constitutes a means to achieve set goal. Based on the mentioned research method, articles from sport websites and posts from social networks were analyzed. The first group of sources includes the internet portals iSport.cz, Sport.cz and iDNES.cz/Sport. The second group of sources consists of comments by users on the official Facebook page of HC Sparta Prague and posts by Spartan supporters from the SHS fan club discussion forum. The research file contains a total of 132 texts (68 articles and 64 posts). The thesis is organized into theoretical, contextual and analytical section. The theoretical part provides relevant theoretical background on the relationship between new media and sport, sport content, social media, attributes of online fan audiences and sport journalism in...
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Essays in Information Economics
Rehák, Rastislav ; Matějka, Filip (advisor) ; Wei, Dong (referee) ; Walker-Jones, David (referee)
Essays in Information Economics Dissertation Rastislav Rehák March 2023 Abstract In the first chapter, we study informational dissociations between decisions and decision confidence. We explore the consequences of a dual-system model: the decision system and confidence system have distinct goals, but share access to a source of noisy and costly information about a decision-relevant variable. The decision system aims to maximize utility while the confidence system monitors the decision system and aims to provide good feedback about the correctness of the decision. In line with existing experimental evidence showing the importance of post-decisional information in confidence formation, we allow the confidence system to accumulate information after the decision. We aim to base the post-decisional stage (used in descriptive models of confidence) in the optimal learning theory. However, we find that it is not always optimal to engage in the second stage, even for a given individual in a given decision environment. In particular, there is scope for post-decisional information acquisition only for relatively fast decisions. Hence, a strict distinction between one-stage and two-stage theories of decision confidence may be misleading because both may manifest themselves under one underlying mechanism in a...
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Essays on Implications of Bounded Rationality to Choice
Mikhalishchev, Sergei ; Matějka, Filip (advisor) ; Zorn, Peter (referee) ; Lian, Chen (referee)
In the first chapter, we introduce a new role of quotas, e.g., labor market quotas: the attentional role. We study the effects of quota implementation on the attention allo- cation strategy of a rationally inattentive (RI) manager. We find that quotas induce attention: a RI manager who is forced to fulfill a quota, unlike an unrestricted RI man- ager, never rejects minority candidates without acquiring information about them. We also demonstrate that, in our model, quotas are behaviorally equivalent to subsidies. We further analyze different goals that the social planner can achieve by implementing quo- tas. First, quotas can eliminate statistical discrimination, i.e., make chances of being hired independent from group identity. Second, when the hiring manager has inaccurate beliefs about the distribution of candidates' productivities, the social planner can make the manager behave as if she has correct beliefs. Finally, we show how our results can be used to set a quota level that increases the expected value of the chosen candidates. In the second chapter, we study the information choice of exchange-traded funds (ETF) investors, and its impact on the price efficiency of underlying stocks. First, we show that the learning of stock-specific information happens at the ETF level. Further, our results suggest...
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Bank account
Matějka, Filip ; Liška, Petr (advisor) ; Elek, Štefan (referee)
Cizojazyčné resumé The thesis is dedicated to the matter of a bank account. The bank account is considered to be a financial product that serves for depositing of temporarilly free financial funds and primarily for realizing cashless payment system. The aim of this thesis is to provide an analysis of current applicable and effective legislation considering the bank account in Civil Code, where newly contained the bank account legislation as a result of recodification of private law. In some sections of the thesis the analysis of the legislation is accomplished in the context of the antecedent legislation in former Commercial Code. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to analyse the basis of the bank account from the point of view of legal doctrine. The second chapter provides fundamental legal charakteristic of bank account contract. This chapter describes the bank account contract as banking contract and focuses on the bank account contract from the point of view of consumer law. This chapter also provides analysis of parties of the bank account agreement. The end of the chapter discusses the general charakterization of banking terms and conditions. Third chapter provides analysis of general legislation of the bank account from the perspective of Civil Code. These legal...
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Essays in Applied Economics
Šoltés, Michal ; Matějka, Filip (advisor) ; Drago, Francesco Drago (referee) ; Engel, Christoph (referee)
In the first chapter, we study the role of political parties in the selection of candidates in Czech municipal elections. Using over 20,000 electoral slates, we document that political parties rank candidates on the slates according to their valence and intra-party value. Valence, measured by education level, captures the public value of the candidates, while intra-party value, measured by political donations and membership, represents the value of the candidate to the party. The patterns we observe are consistent with market mechanisms between candidates and party leaders where the party leaders benefit from the valence and intra-party value of candidates and offer slate positions (i.e. the probability of winning a mandate) in exchange. We show that candidates with high valence and those who possess more intra-party value are placed in better ranked positions, despite the fact that candidates with more intra-party value, conditional on observables, tend to receive relatively fewer votes than candidates with low intra-party value. We also show that as a party expects to hold more council seats, the share of their candidates with higher intra-party value increases. In the second chapter, we study the implications of a structure of the criminal justice system on sentencing decisions. To limit...
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Inattention, Hand-to-Mouth Behavior, and Poverty Trap
Koval, Pavel ; Matějka, Filip (advisor) ; Zápal, Jan (referee)
In this thesis, I study the hand-to-mouth behavior of the spoor that originates from inattentive savings behavior and leads to a poverty trap. I assume that in the rational inattention model people acquire costly information about stochastic permanent income and choose a savings plan. I hypothesize that in this context high information costs and low income variance may encourage poor agents to choose a rigid savings plan below an optimal level, persistently undersave, and get stuck in a poverty trap. I construct and solve the two-period rational inattention model of savings decisions. The results show that a poor agent chooses a rigid savings plan below an optimal level when information costs are high and income variance is low. I discuss avenues for future research that are based on solving an infinite-horizon model with rationally inattentive agents, provide the conditions under which a poverty trap occurs, and test the model on consumption-savings data. Keywords: information costs, hand-to-mouth behavior, poverty trap, savings plan
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Cognitive Limitations and Behavioral Biases in the Asset Pricing Context
Chavchanidze, Giorgi ; Matějka, Filip (advisor) ; Selezneva, Veronika (referee)
Cognitive Limitations and Behavioral Biases In The Asset Pricing Context MAER Thesis Asbtract Giorgi Chavchanidze I incorporate behavioral and bounded rationality elements into a single asset-pricing frame- work by setting up a two-period consumption-based portfolio selection problem in which a representative agent has biased priors, does not observe the current state and thus has in- complete information about future state probabilities. He forms posterior beliefs using signals that he selects according to the rational inattention discrete choice framework of Matějka and McKay (2015), where the precision of the beliefs depend intuitively on the priors and the cost of information λ. In the case of log-utility, the optimal portfolio is a convex combination of the N portfolios the investor would have selected in each of the N states if they were fully observable, where the weights reflect the subjective posterior likelihood of time-zero states. The posterior beliefs are induced by parsimonious reweighing of priors, where the weights depend on λ, discount factor β and the relative entropies of the future state distributions induced by different time-zero states. Using a two-state example, I demonstrate how the cost of information and biases can be jointly analyzed in this framework and discuss implied...
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Macroeconomics with Financial Sector Risk Constraints
Matyska, Branka ; Matějka, Filip (advisor) ; Goncharenko, Roman (referee) ; Curatola, Giuliano (referee)
This thesis uses economic theory and empirical estimation to evaluate the eects of macro- prudential and scal policies. Chapter 1 assesses the eciency of macroprudential capital requirements in the form of four market risk measures. The chapter generates a novel prediction that prudential instruments based on salience and the overweighting of tail market losses are benecial for policymakers aiming to reduce the likelihood of a nan- cial crisis. The results suggest that overweighting worst- and best-case outcomes can prevent re sales, while overweighting intermediate losses leads to welfare improvements for the nancial system after an uncertainty shock. This chapter illuminates how ad- verse liquidity and uncertainty shocks elicit policy responses, and how they aect bank risk attitudes and the time and the cross-sectional dimensions of systemic risk. Chapter 2 studies macroeconomic implications of Value at Risk nancial regulation and derives optimal deposit insurance. The main nding is that optimal deposit insurance is risk- sensitive when banks are subject to risk-based capital requirements. Chapter 3 studies the impact of a scal stimulus package on rm dynamics and the US labor market. It shows that corporate income tax cuts increase job creation through delayed rm entry, and a...
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An economic shock the like of which the world has never seen: we must quickly freeze the economy and then warm it up again (nightly research into the economic literature)
Matějka, Filip
The usual rules of economic stimulus do not apply now, because we actually want this recession. We need to limit meetings and in-person collaboration, the recession should be substantial. On the other hand, it could be exceptionally short. We must put the economy into hibernation, while at the same time preserving as many vital employment ties as possible. We will only be able to start stimulating the economy to increase performance once the greatest health risks are behind us. For now, the authorities must focus on ensuring that businesses and households can survive this period. This is the cheaper strategy, because if employment ties were broken it would take years to renew them, even if the health crisis were to last only a month.
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