|
|
PostCovid Impairment with a Focus on the Respiratory System
Skála, Mikuláš ; Koblížek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Marel, Miloslav (referee) ; Brat, Kristián (referee)
The infectious disease COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, resulted in a global pandemic in 2020-21 with dramatic health and socioeconomic impacts. SARS-CoV-2 dominantly affects the respiratory tract of an infected individual, but it can also attack other organ systems of the human body. Although most infected patients have an asymptomatic or mild course, the disease of COVID-19 can have a severe, prolonged course and, in some patients, long-term consequences. The aim of the dissertation thesis was to describe in detail the impact of the disease COVID-19 on a relevant sample of the population from the Hradec Králové region, both in patients with a mild course of the disease COVID-19 (treated on an outpatient basis) and in patients with a severe course (requiring hospitalization). Patients treated on an outpatient basis or hospitalized with COVID-19 in the 1st and 2nd waves of the pandemic in the Czech Republic were included in the study. Respiratory and extrapulmonary symptoms, development of lung functions, radiological changes and selected laboratory parameters were monitored after 3, 6 and 12 months from the onset of the COVID-19 disease. Based on the collected data and their analysis, the temporal evolution of respiratory symptoms and objective signs of lung structure and function...
|
|
|
Phenotypic assessment of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by HRCT of the lung (Prospective analysis of patients in National Database of COPD)
Kočová, Eva ; Eliáš, Pavel (advisor) ; Heřman, Miroslav (referee) ; Marel, Miloslav (referee)
Phenotypic assessment of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with using HRCT of the lung Aim Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is very important societal and economic problem worldwide. The main risk factor form COPD is tabacco smoke. CODP patients are very heterogenic group with different clinical symptoms. Due to different dominant clinic symptoms it is important to sort out patients to different groups - phenotypes. However differentiation into phenotype groups is not unified. Also using computed tomography (CT) in COPD diagnosis is not routine. The aim of this study is to assess if CT should be one of the basal paraclinic method used in diagnosis of all COPD patient. Materials and methos Patients from Czech multicentre research database of severe COPD which is registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov with number NCT01923051were analysed. The analysis of CT scans with clinical symptoms and lung functional tests was performed. Results From May 2013 were 784 patients included to the database. Completelly 359 patients had CT examination and lung functional tests. More than two thirds of patients (69,4 %) were dyspnoeic even during walk on level ground. Most of the patients were i GOLD group C and D. We have found bronchiectasis on CT in 120 (37,4 %), lung emphysema in...
|
|
|
Risk factors for lung cancer-Modulation of the level of antidotes to polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAH) in relation to smoking, tumorous and non-tumorous lung disease and research of a possible strengthening of the immune system against PAH by immunization.
Klimešová, Šárka ; Pauk, Norbert (advisor) ; Marel, Miloslav (referee) ; Pešek, Miloš (referee)
The thesis is divided in two parts; the first of which, following the initial statistics regarding occurrence of the lung cancer and outline of its history, is devoted to the issue of risk factors of development of this disease. Due to the fact that the main focus of the research work is the genotoxic effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a closer attention is paid to them. The beginning of the second part deals briefly with certain lung diseases, i.e. the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the lung cancer and the role of inflammation in pathophysiology of both diseases. The rest of the thesis is focused on the research project Modulation of the level of antidotes to polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAH) in relation to smoking, tumorous and non-tumorous lung disease, and research of a possible strengthening of the immune system against the PAH effects by immunization. The main objective of the project was to verify the presence, change of levels and protective effect of the antibodies against the PAH and PAH-DNA adducts in the serum after impact of the pure PAH and cigarette smoke and the application of an epidemiologic study to discover the influence of the level of the anti-PAH antibodies and other tested parameters on the risk of developing a lung disease. In addition to the results proper,...
|
|
|
New diagnostic methods in bronchology
Votruba, Jiří ; Daneš, Jan (advisor) ; Marel, Miloslav (referee) ; Pešek, Miloš (referee)
The aim of this work has been the development and optimization of methods for early diagnosis of lung cancer, their utility and integration into daily practice. Firstly, we developed a device for measurement of endobronchial temperature (thermobronchoscopy) and found significant difference in endoluminal temperature above tumors and infiltrated lymph nodes compared to healthy regions. We further designed an appliance for near infrared spectroscopy of the bronchial mucosa and identified spectroscopic features useful for localization of solitary pulmonary nodule. The use of the appliance improved yield of endobronchial biopsy compared to endobronchial ultrasound. In the next part of the study, we describe further techniques for early diagnosis of lung cancer including endobronchial ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, confocal fluorescence microendoscopy, reflectance spectroscopy, autofluorescence bronchoscopy, fluorescence bronchoscopy, and narrow band imaging with concise introduction of our experience gained in several pilot projects. Next, we showed the utility of measurement of acetic acid in exhaled air as a promising biomarker for non-invasive identification of patients with symptomatic acid gastroesophageal reflux. Lastly, we demonstrated significant difference in radiation dose in HRCT...
|
|
|
Phenotypic assessment of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by HRCT of the lung (Prospective analysis of patients in National Database of COPD)
Kočová, Eva ; Eliáš, Pavel (advisor) ; Heřman, Miroslav (referee) ; Marel, Miloslav (referee)
Phenotypic assessment of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with using HRCT of the lung Aim Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is very important societal and economic problem worldwide. The main risk factor form COPD is tabacco smoke. CODP patients are very heterogenic group with different clinical symptoms. Due to different dominant clinic symptoms it is important to sort out patients to different groups - phenotypes. However differentiation into phenotype groups is not unified. Also using computed tomography (CT) in COPD diagnosis is not routine. The aim of this study is to assess if CT should be one of the basal paraclinic method used in diagnosis of all COPD patient. Materials and methos Patients from Czech multicentre research database of severe COPD which is registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov with number NCT01923051were analysed. The analysis of CT scans with clinical symptoms and lung functional tests was performed. Results From May 2013 were 784 patients included to the database. Completelly 359 patients had CT examination and lung functional tests. More than two thirds of patients (69,4 %) were dyspnoeic even during walk on level ground. Most of the patients were i GOLD group C and D. We have found bronchiectasis on CT in 120 (37,4 %), lung emphysema in...
|
|
|
New diagnostic methods in bronchology
Votruba, Jiří ; Daneš, Jan (advisor) ; Marel, Miloslav (referee) ; Pešek, Miloš (referee)
The aim of this work has been the development and optimization of methods for early diagnosis of lung cancer, their utility and integration into daily practice. Firstly, we developed a device for measurement of endobronchial temperature (thermobronchoscopy) and found significant difference in endoluminal temperature above tumors and infiltrated lymph nodes compared to healthy regions. We further designed an appliance for near infrared spectroscopy of the bronchial mucosa and identified spectroscopic features useful for localization of solitary pulmonary nodule. The use of the appliance improved yield of endobronchial biopsy compared to endobronchial ultrasound. In the next part of the study, we describe further techniques for early diagnosis of lung cancer including endobronchial ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, confocal fluorescence microendoscopy, reflectance spectroscopy, autofluorescence bronchoscopy, fluorescence bronchoscopy, and narrow band imaging with concise introduction of our experience gained in several pilot projects. Next, we showed the utility of measurement of acetic acid in exhaled air as a promising biomarker for non-invasive identification of patients with symptomatic acid gastroesophageal reflux. Lastly, we demonstrated significant difference in radiation dose in HRCT...
|
|
|
Risk factors for lung cancer-Modulation of the level of antidotes to polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAH) in relation to smoking, tumorous and non-tumorous lung disease and research of a possible strengthening of the immune system against PAH by immunization.
Klimešová, Šárka ; Pauk, Norbert (advisor) ; Marel, Miloslav (referee) ; Pešek, Miloš (referee)
The thesis is divided in two parts; the first of which, following the initial statistics regarding occurrence of the lung cancer and outline of its history, is devoted to the issue of risk factors of development of this disease. Due to the fact that the main focus of the research work is the genotoxic effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a closer attention is paid to them. The beginning of the second part deals briefly with certain lung diseases, i.e. the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the lung cancer and the role of inflammation in pathophysiology of both diseases. The rest of the thesis is focused on the research project Modulation of the level of antidotes to polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAH) in relation to smoking, tumorous and non-tumorous lung disease, and research of a possible strengthening of the immune system against the PAH effects by immunization. The main objective of the project was to verify the presence, change of levels and protective effect of the antibodies against the PAH and PAH-DNA adducts in the serum after impact of the pure PAH and cigarette smoke and the application of an epidemiologic study to discover the influence of the level of the anti-PAH antibodies and other tested parameters on the risk of developing a lung disease. In addition to the results proper,...
|
|
|
Impairment of nasal mucociliary clearance in former smokers with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease relates to the presence of a chronic bronchitis phenotype
Koblížek, Vladimír ; Salajka, František (advisor) ; Skřičková, Jana (referee) ; Marel, Miloslav (referee)
AJ Impairment of nasal mucociliary clearance in former smokers with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease relates to presence of a chronic bronchitis phenotype Background: Associations between nasal and bronchial impairment have been repeatedly described in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) whereas nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC) in COPD patients is not yet fully understood. We studied nasal MCC parameters in COPD patients and compared them with healthy adults (HA) and with cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with compromised MCC. Methodology: Pilot study of seventeen COPD patients without exacerbation; all of them were examined to investigate and compare nasal and bronchial ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary beat pattern. Main observational study of 98 COPD ex-smokers and subjects from control groups (15 CF and 39 HA) evaluated for nasal MCC time (NMCCt) and by digital video microscopy of nasal mucosa recording ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary beat pattern (index of ciliary dyskinesia). Results: It was found no difference in mean ciliary beat frequencies between nasal (6.0 Hz ± 1.3) and bronchial (5.9 ± 1.3) mucosa (p = 0.427). We found medium association in degree of ciliary dyskinesia (κ = 0.733). In the main observational study: the NMCCt was decreased in HA (575...
|
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
