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Eschatiai and Their Inhabitants in the Greek Literature from Homer to Herodotus
Nováková, Adéla ; Fischerová, Sylva (advisor) ; Marek, Václav (referee)
The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to describe and evaluate references to the farthest parts of the world, eschatiai, in Greek literature from its beginnings to the time of the historian Herodotus. After both the primary and the secondary literatures have been examined, differences in the presentations by the individual authors and also the position that the concept of eschatiai occupies in Greek understanding of the space and the world as oikoumene will be presented. The purpose of this work, however, is not only to provide an overview of sources and their contents. Information about the peripheral parts of the world, drawn from the primary sources, forms the basis for studying a broader problem, namely the encounter of the Greeks with different ways of life, the ensuing response to this new experience and a representation of these parts of the world in the literature. In the opening part of my bachelor thesis special attention will be paid to careful definition of the two basic terms, oikoumene and eschatiai. The precise meanings of both terms kept evolving in the course of Greek history. When the Greeks discovered more and more new territories, they learned about them and also settled there, gradually expanded the boundaries of the inhabited land, oikoumene, and along with it the...
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The First and the Second Athenian Maritime League - a Comparison
Janouchová, Petra ; Souček, Jan (advisor) ; Marek, Václav (referee)
The main aim of this work is to compare the First (478/7 - 404 B. C.) and the Second (378/7 - 338 B. C.) Athenian Maritime League, which were often put together without paying attention to both literary and epigraphical sources. The First League transformed into the Athenian Empire which exploited its own allies and often set about the violence. The Second League is frequently told to had grown into the "second empire". This work compares the evidence about the organisation, the administrative machinery and the relations within leagues to pinpoint common features and to distinguish the differences. The main focus of this work is financial system of both alliances since it was one of the main reasons for allies to defect.
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Translation and Analysis of the Fifth Book (chap. 1-15) of Orosius' Historiarum libri VII
Marek, Bořivoj ; Mouchová, Bohumila (advisor) ; Marek, Václav (referee)
This paper consists of the translation and analysis of Chapters 1-15 of Book V of Historiarum adversus paganos libri VIII by Paulus Orosius. The analysis is based on a comprehensive commentary on linguistic and stylistic aspects of the texts examined, and on a thorough factual commentary. The linguistic commentary concentrates on the composition of the Fifth Book, on the construction of discourse by the means of particles and other discourse markers, as well as on the linguistic features and peculiarities distinctive for the author, his age and the genre of historiography (such as specifically Late Latin syntax, non-Classical vocabulary, rhetorical figures, tropes and other stylistic features). The factual commentary contains a detailed description of the events mentioned in the text and their historical context. Close attention is paid to the character of the author's narrative, his approach to the historical data, choice of the events that interest him most as well as the way in which the author portraits them as mutually connected. Among the questions important for the commentary are whether he follows the wider tradition of Roman historiography or if and in which way the author's own opinions and persuasions are reflected in his work. This section also comments on the relation between Orosius'...
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Lysias' Speech against Eratosthenes. Translation, Commentary, and Introductory Study.
Nývlt, Pavel ; Souček, Jan (advisor) ; Marek, Václav (referee)
Lysias' speech Against Eratosthenes is the most famous speech of Lysias, Athen's most prolific author of lawcourt speeches. It deals with a murder of Lysias' brother Polemarchus, who was arrested and executed under the rule of so-called "Thirty Tyrants" in 404 B. C. And yet the topics covered are much wider, the speech thereby becoming a portrayal of the darkest times athenian democracy ever witnessed and a valuable document of democratic point of view on the events. The speech is commented from a historical point of view, focusing in the first place on political history and history of law.
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Changes in the administration of Roman cities in the 2nd - 4th cent. AD
Vavřín, Pavel ; Marek, Václav (advisor) ; Burian, Jan (referee) ; Bednaříková, Jarmila (referee)
The present study is administration in the Abstract dealing with the development of city Roman Empire wi th focus put on the situation in its western part. Most important for treating this problem are legal sources, complementarily then narrative sources. The body of substantive law, however, is only fragmentarily preserved (in later codes), and narrative sources on the topic are strongly limi ted. Despi te all tha t, i t is mainly the status of local aristocracy (decuriones/curiales) that can be studied at relatively great length. Epigraphic sources help to follow up especially the areal development of municipal administration in provinces, but their potential for the study of administrative development is very limited, both materially and chronologically. The knowledge acquired from sporadically preserved constitutions of particular cities cannot be fully generalised, with regard to local specifics as well as chronological development. The study also leans on the results of research based on archaeological sources.
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The coins of the soldier emperors in the collection of the Charles University
Lužický, David ; Musil, Jiří (referee) ; Marek, Václav (advisor)
The thesis Coins of the soldier emperors in the Collection of the Charles University is drawn up as a two-peiced study. First part of the study relates to the history, striking of the coinage, iconography and economy of the period under consideration. Historical events from 235 to 284 AD are briefly outlined, mentioned are also the extraordinary state formations, which arose after 260 AD. Further is described the grow of the mints in provinces, grow of the mint production, iconography and typical features of particular mints. In the passage relates to economy are described particular nominals, their gradual debasement, including the impact of these steps on the monetary system and the Aurelian's reform. Outlined are the revenues and expenses of the state budget and their estimation for the 3rd century AD based on grow of the soldiery salary. The second part of the thesis is created by the catalogue of 558 coins of the soldier emperors. Evaluation of the processed material is carried out in form of charts and graphs. The catalogue is composed by virtue of modern processes by use of the literature commonly used in the foreign publications. The notes of the catalogue mainly records inconsistency between the processed material and literature, only in four cases, where the inconsistencies are considerable, had...
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The Andokides' speech On the mysteries. Translation, commentary and introductory study
Novotný, Matěj ; Marek, Václav (referee) ; Souček, Jan (advisor)
In the end of the 5th century B.C., the Andokides' speech On the mysteries represents an interesting source of information. It focuses on the processes with impious criminals who mutilated herms and profaned Eleusinian mysteries in 415 B.C., and the revision of Athenian laws in 403 B.C. This thesis attempts to present this speech in historical context, to evaluate critically its credibility, and to point out general problems concerning the use of the corpus of the Attic orators as a source of information regarding political and legal history. Thus the centre of the thesis lies in the commentary attached to a completely new Czech translation of Andokides' speech.
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Superbia, superbus. Semantic analysis of the meaning and value study
Janovčíková, Jana ; Mouchová, Bohumila (advisor) ; Marek, Václav (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to explore and explain the meaning of the Latin word superbus plus it's derivatives (superbia, superbe, superbiter, superbire) and the way in which it is usually or not-so-usually used. In particular, during this exploration we will look into the works of Lucius Annaeus Seneca and Cornelius Tacitus, two authors of the 1st century AD. Analysis of kinds of behavior, situations and characters which bore the negative evaluative name of superbia in the mind (and texts) of a historian and a philosopher shall open an insight into the Roman system of values in political and social context. That is the reason, why the first field with which we will compare the data obtained by our analysis will be the general trend in the usage of this word which we will find in the textual corpus of Rome's republican era and the Principate era authors. Our second comparatory field will be formed by meanings and evaluations carried by Czech words, which are usually used as translations of Latin superbus, especially the words pyšný and povýšený. Those meanings and evaluations we will seek in the CzechNational Corpus.
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The coinage in the period of Iustinian
Drápelová, Pavla ; Ondřejová, Iva (referee) ; Marek, Václav (advisor)
Cílem této práce je nastínit vývoj mincovníctví a změny na mincovních vyobrazeních v období vlády císaře Justiniána I, tedy období, které se ještě aktivně hlásí k odkazu antiky, ale většinou soudobých historiků je pokládáno již za počátek středověku. Mou hlavní snahou bylo postihnout změny, ke kterým v mincovnictví v této době došlo, a to především změny v ikonografii. Chtěla jsem popsat prvky, kterými Justiniánovy mince navazují na pozdně nmskou tradici, a také charakterizovat ty motivy, které již není v žádném pnpadě možné považovat za antické. Císař Justinián se aktivně hlásil k odkazu římského impéria a jeho mateřským jazykem byla zřejmě latina. Na druhé straně to byl křesťanský panovník, pro kterého se spíše než imperátor hodí označení autokrátor. Byl to císař, který se nezajímal o antickou filozofii, uzavřel Platónovu Akademii, zabýval se teologickými otázkami a nechal kodifikovat nmské právo. Byzantská říše byla ve své době chápána jako pokračovatel říše římské. Označení "Byzanc" bylo formulováno teprve humanisty a samotní "byzantinci" sami sebe označovali jako Romaioi. Ačkoli řečtina byla jazykem lidových vrstev, na úřadech a ve vojsku v raném období Byzance stále ještě byla hlavním jazykem latina. K naprosté převaze řečtiny došlo až v 7. století. Samozřejmě je také otázkou, do jakého období je...
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