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Endothelial Glycocalyx - Diagnostic Approach and Intervention Assesment
Pouska, Jiří ; Beneš, Jan (advisor) ; Málek, Jiří (referee) ; Štourač, Petr (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA Lékařská fakulta v Plzni Dizertační práce Endothelial glycocalyx - diagnostic approach and intervention assessment MUDr.Jiří Pouska ABSTRACT Endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is fine structure on the surface of endothelium. After extensive research in past years, revisited Starling principle was finally formulated. It describes fluid physiology in capillaries precisely. EG has pivotal role in keeping endothelium semipermeable and thus avoiding extensive filtration of fluids to interstitium. Assessment of EG is clinically difficult. Many pathological conditions lead to damage of EG (sepsis etc.). Intravenous fluid therapy is mainstay of treatment of such conditions. Our aim was to determine the changes of EG integrity depending on the choice of intravenous fluid and its infusion time in physiological and pathological conditions. Key words: Endothelial glycocalyx, infusion therapy, anaesthesia, sepsis, microcirculation.
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Remedial measures in the protection of environment
Málek, Jiří ; Derlich, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pokorný, Jiří (referee)
In the field of environmental law, some people consider the most important provisions enforcing environmental standards. However, not only in law, it is necessary to think about situations in which the subjects do not respect the law and adjust their responsibility in the event of violation of their duties. Without adjusting the remedial measures, the restoration would only be a moral obligation. Under such circumstances, the measures would be mostly financed by the state and there would not be any possibility of regression to the originator. That is the reason, why effective remedial measures, which can be characterized as a frontier institute between prevention and sanctioning, are needed. At present, remedies can be imposed through a relatively diverse range of legislation, of which the most important should be Act No. 167/2008 Coll., On Prevention of Environmental Damage and its Remedy. Remedial measures are, however, usually imposed on the basis of constituent laws for which the imposition of sanctions and corrective measures is not linked to the occurrence of environmental damage but to a specific breach of the obligations laid down. The environmental authorities are thus proceeding also because even before the effectiveness of Act No. 167/2008 Coll. there was a relatively high level of...
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Earthquake swarms in diverse tectonic environments: West Bohemia and Southwest Iceland
Jakoubková, Hana ; Horálek, Josef (advisor) ; Cesca, Simone (referee) ; Málek, Jiří (referee)
In my doctoral thesis I have investigated earthquake swarms from two com- pletely different tectonic areas, West Bohemia/Vogtland and Southwest Iceland, with the aim of gaining a deeper insight into the nature of earthquake swarms in diverse tectonic environments. I analysed swarm-like activities from West Bo- hemia and Southwest Iceland from the perspective of statistical characteristics (magnitude-frequency distribution, interevent time distribution), seismic moment release, and space-time distribution of events. I found that the ratio of small to large events and the event rates are similar for all the activities in both areas, while the rate of the seismic moment release is significantly higher for the South- west Icelandic swarms. Seismic moment released step by step is characterised for the West Bohemia swarms, whereas seismic moment released in one dominant short-term phase is typical of Southwest Icelandic earthquake swarms. All the West Bohemian swarms took place in a bounded focal zone Nový Kostel that is fairly complex, consisting of several fault segments. The Southwest Icelandic swarms are distributed at much larger area along the Mid Atlantic Ridge up to its branching in the Hengill triple junction, the individual swarms clearly reflect a tectonic structure of respective focal areas. I have...
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Influence of anesthesia type on the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction
Kletečka, Jakub ; Chytra, Ivan (advisor) ; Dostál, Pavel (referee) ; Málek, Jiří (referee)
Resume Cognitive decline is a common perioperative complication, affecting about one-quarter of patients at one week after surgery. It is a temporary disorder, which influences mainly executive functions, memory and spatial orientation. The decline is short-lived, with complete resolution in first months after surgery. Low education and higher age are the only known risk factors with hard evidence, although it can be diagnosed also in younger patients. Particularly in seniors, this disorder is associated with deterioration of the quality of life. No differences in incidence were found between general and regional anaesthesia, neither between certain anaesthetics. The only evidence-based prevention is a minimalization of the impact of surgery and anaesthesia on patients, e.g. with fast-track approach. Optimization of the depth of the anaesthesia using EEG and derived parameters is promising, but with little evidence yet. Research of the postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is significantly influenced with the heterogeneity of published studies, consensus on POCD definition and diagnostics is still missing. Another important limiting factor is a continuous change in methods and drugs in anaesthesia and perioperative care in last twenty years, and therefore comparing current results with older studies is...
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The crust/mantle boundary in geodynamically active area of West Bohemia
Podolník, Jan ; Hrubcová, Pavla (advisor) ; Málek, Jiří (referee)
The region of West Bohemia is one of the most geodynamically active areas of Central Europe. The activity is characterized by many natural phenomena such as recurrent seismic swarms. The crustal structure of the region was subject of many geophysical investigations that revealed increased reflectivity of the lower crust. In this thesis, we adapt the multi-azimuthal approach for the detection of crustal discontinuities developed by Hrubcov'a et al. (2013). We apply the ap- proach on waveforms of the 2000 and 2008 swarms that occurred in the Nov'y Kos- tel focal area registered by several German stations. Analysis of the data of more distant German stations allowed expanding of the information about the depth and character of the crust/mantle transition in a broader area of the West Bo- hemia region. The results show a thickening of the zone in Germany with in- creasing distance from the epicentral area. Such findings are in agreement with previous active and passive seismic experiments.
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The source process of Greek earthquakes
Křížová, Dana ; Zahradník, Jiří (advisor) ; Málek, Jiří (referee) ; Šílený, Jan (referee)
Title: The source process of Greek earthquakes Author: Dana K ížová Department: Department of Geophysics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Prof. RNDr. Ji í Zahradník DrSc., Department of Geophysics Abstract: Investigations of moment tensor (MT) and its uncertainty are topical. This thesis is focused on isotropic component of three shallow earthquakes: Event A in Cretan Sea (Mw 5.3) and two events near Santorini island, B (Mw 4.9) and C (Mw 4.7). MT is inverted from full waveforms in an assumed 1D velocity model. The inverse problem is non-linear in centroid depth and time, and linear in six MT parameters, one is the MT-trace. Uncertainty of isotropic component is studied by a new approach (K ížová et al., 2013). The trace is systematically varied, and remaining parameters are optimized. The method reveals tradeoffs between the isotropic component, depth, time, and focal mechanism. From two existing velocity models, we prefer the one with lower condition number, in which a (positive) isotropic component is indicated for event B. To rapidly assess a likely existence of isotropic component, an empirical method is proposed (K ížová et al., 2016). It is based on comparison between depth- dependences of waveform correlation in full and deviatoric modes. Based on extensive synthetic tests, the method confirms a...
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Estimation of risk-neutral probability density functions from option prices
Krejčí, Kateřina ; Málek, Jiří (advisor) ; Diviš, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the estimation of risk-neutral probability density functions from option prices. It focuses on smoothing techniques that are applied to volatility smile. Theoretical part describes the estimation principle and presents some solutions for problems that occur while estimating the risk-neutral distribution. The findings from the theoretical part are used in the practical part and applied to real data. An analysis of the influence of the selection of particular smoothing function on the final distribution is performed. At the end of the thesis a stability test of estimations is performed and the analysis of dynamics of risk neutral distribution is shown on a small data sample.
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Machine Learning Methods for Credit Risk Modelling
Drábek, Matěj ; Witzany, Jiří (advisor) ; Málek, Jiří (referee)
This master's thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part I described P2P lending, its characteristics, basic concepts and practical implications. I also compared P2P market in the Czech Republic, UK and USA. The second part consists of theoretical basics for chosen methods of machine learning, which are naive bayes classifier, classification tree, random forest and logistic regression. I also described methods to evaluate the quality of classification models listed above. The third part is a practical one and shows the complete workflow of creating classification model, from data preparation to evaluation of model.
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The analysis of impact of the Swiss franc boost on the Polish commercial banks
Kubátová, Klára ; Dvořák, Petr (advisor) ; Málek, Jiří (referee)
The decision of the Swiss National Bank from January 2015 to drop the exchange rate profit of the Swiss franc caused a significant shock to the financial market. The Swiss franc boost strongly influenced Poland because many of a mortgage loan was granted precisely in this currency. The goal of the MA thesis is to analyze the impact of the Swiss franc boost on the Polish commercial banks and to describe individual measures taken and solutions found in Poland. The introductory part deals with the beginning of the expansion of foreign currency loans not only in Poland but also in the greater context of Poland´s neighbouring countries. Furthermore, the Recommendation S is described in more detail. The second chapter contains analysis of loans development in Poland. Here, the Bank Millennium is used as an example to demonstrate the loan portfolio composition. The final part of this work talks about the Polish reaction to the change of the Swiss monetary policy and to the specifics of these provisions.
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