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Typology of land cover changes and landscape structure in the post-communist countries of the Central Europe
Kuna, Petr ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Lipský, Zdeněk (referee)
Study of landscape change is a subject of interest for a wide range of professional work both in the Czech republic and abroad. This thesis therefore does not give a simple description of the changes in the landscape, but rather focuses on the further synthesis of these findings and the subsequent creation of a typology of land cover changes and their impacts on landscape structure in the region of interest, including also its heterogeneity. It is therefore a process of allocated areas that formed and still form the same processes that lead to homogenization of the landscape, as opposed to its fragmentation. Area of interest is so-called Visegrad Group of countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland). There are four countries of the former Eastern bloc in Central Europe, which shared some relatively similar initial conditions for the further development of the landscape after the "release" of the regime change in 1989. The landscape began to develop in different way. Each country began a different way to approach a completely different landscape interfering in its development. Review starts with describing landscape development in the period up to 1989, when it was not too taken of the ecological functions and the importance of the landscape. This period was characterized by the...
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Postauditing in the EIA process
Kohoutová, Michaela ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Lipský, Zdeněk (referee)
Environmental impact assessment (EIA), its key principles and aspects, these are themes discussed worldwide. EIA is useful as an environmental prevention tool but its effectiveness is seen in many cases in a bad light. The causes of the inconsistency between an opinion and the subsequent actual state are manifold and as we can see in the academic literature, it is becoming increasingly necessary to examine the need for monitoring and post-project analysis. Measures for reducing environment risks through monitoring and post-analysis, together with EIA opinions and assessments of its accuracy, are becoming important themes mentioned in the scientific journals. This work comprises a consideration of the choice of adequate methods and initial questions whose correctness is crucial for a successful prediction. Effectiveness of the EIA process depends on an appropriate methodology, existence of data in EIA documentation and other aspects, which are often discussed in the scientific literature. The object of this work is to define the environmental impact assessment (project analysis) in relation to the actual state of the territory (post-project analysis), to describe the advent and the historical aspects of environmental impact assessment in the Czech Republic and abroad, and to compare the correctness and...
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The Relief and its Changes by Landscape Design Activities of the Czernin's Family
Šantrůčková, Markéta ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Chromý, Pavel (referee) ; Semotanová, Eva (referee)
The presented thesis deals with assessment of landscaping and with the opportunities for making use of natural relief during setting up of landscape gardens. The assessment has been done based on studies of the relevant matter in model locations, then the acquired facts have been generalized. Landscape gardens form an indispensable part of the landscape as such. Gardens mix, in a specific way and inseparably, influences of natural environment with anthropogenic impacts. The natural environment changes into landscape gardens mainly by means of diverse forms of relief. At the same time, relief was not just passively taken as a basis for starting a park, it was actively being changed, spending not a small amount of money and effort. What is typical of terrain changes in landscape gardens is that these changes, striking to whatever degree, were meant to be hidden to viewers, and that they copied natural lines and shapes. Geographical research topics in landscape gardens concentrate mainly on finding to what degree the natural relief was used and changed, and what impact it had on the form and creation of the parks. In the presented work methods leading to a thorough understanding of terrain changes were used. The main part of the work was to analyze maps in GIS systems, to study historical documents,...
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Land Use changes under the influence of the process of societal integration
Mareš, Petr ; Bičík, Ivan (advisor) ; Kolejka, Jaromír (referee) ; Lipský, Zdeněk (referee)
Mgr. Petr Mareš Land Use Changes Under the Influence of the Process of Societal Integration ABSTRACT The PhD. thesis discusses impacts of a long term process of socio-economic integration on the changing Land Use structure in the Czech Republic and Slovenia and puts forward a hypothesis that "together with the integration of socio-economic relations into hierarchically higher structures, sub-areas tend to be more specialized within every such structure". For the Czech Republic, the main data source used was the LUCC Czechia Database comprising information on 7 Land Use categories in 8 903 CTUs (Comparable Territorial Units, derived from cadastres) in four time horizons 1845-1948-1990-2000 (at the national level) and detailed analyses of maps of four selected CTUs in 1845-2005 (at the local level). For Slovenia we tested our hypothesis using the trial version of the LUCC Slovenia database where data for four Land Use categories had been completed for 2 403 CTUs in 1825-1900- 1961-2002. In order to understand the specialization processes the following indicators were used: the coefficient of variation; the frequency of CTUs in classes of percentage share of selected land use categories and the development of selected different land use categories in diverse areas at the national level (database); then the map...
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Comparison of landscape structure changes in the Czech and Slovac Republic after 1990
Kovalčík, Lukáš ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Lipský, Zdeněk (referee)
Downfall of communist regime from 1989 brought fundamental changes to the political, social and economic system in post-socialist countries and influenced changes in landscape and its structure. The objective of this thesis was comparison of landscape structure changes in Czech Republic and Slovakia after 1990 by means of chosen spatial indices and identify key processes leading to changes of land cover. CORINE Land Cover database was used to derive landscape changes in the period 1990-2000 in Czech republic and Slovakia. According to analysis, suburbanisation, extensification and intensification of agriculture as well as afforestation have been recognised as the most important processes in the study areas. Results demonstrated significant diferences in intensity of individual processes and their impact on landscape heterogeneity in both countries. In Slovakia, the most intense changes have been made by the processes of afforestation in mountain and submontane areas in the central and north part of the country. This led mostly to increase in landscape heterogeneity. Oppositely, the most intense processes of extensification of agriculture in border areas of Czech Republic led mainly to spatial homogenization of landscape. Thus, results refer to various socioeconomic and natural factors which...
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Development of cultural landscape in the western part of the České středohoří Mts.
Kyselka, Jan ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Skaloš, Jan (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is assessment of land use changes from half of the 19th century to present in the western part of the České středohoří Mts. Changes in land use categories proportion, development of ecological stability of landscape, development of land use diversity and influence of physical-geographic conditions on land use changes were assessed. The second aim is assessment of abandoned land occurrence in the area. All abandoned lands were mapped and then relationship between abandoned lands occurrence and physical-geographic conditions was assessed. Key words: landscape development, land use, abandoned lands, old maps, České středohoří Mts.
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Postauditing in the EIA process
Kohoutová, Michaela ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Lipský, Zdeněk (referee)
ABSTACT Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an integral part of the protection of the environment. Although it is a tool which considers the impact on many different elements of the environment, the process also has many deficiencies. Because of its limitations, an audit has been forming since the beginning of EIA. An EIA audit evaluates the performance of an EIA by comparing actual impacts detected after the realization of the project to those that were predicted, those that were listed in the environmental impact statement. This paper will offer an insight into the EIA and the post-auditing process and contains three basic parts of these areas. The first part explores the EIA, its historical evolution and application in the Czech Republic. The second part will discuss the post-audit itself. In this part, the different post-auditing processes, which were carried out in different parts of the world, were chosen. Within the selected post-auditing, the predicted data from the environmental impact statements are statistically compared with resultant data from reality. It is therefore necessary to analyze the percentage given for how many predictions were wrong in a positive way, accurate or wrong in negative way. From different results of post-auditing, we can tell that only a small percentage of the...
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Assessment of the impact of wind calamity from November 19, 2004 on the nature of the High Tatra Mountains
Vosátková, Veronika ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this study is to bring a light into the situation of wind calamity which happened 19.11.2004. After the physicographical analysis of this locality, I will try to bring the whole picture of this catastrophe, its causes and mostly consequences left on the tatra nature. I will pay special attention to regeneration of the country and following steps in dealing with this calamity because of two different opinions on the picture of Tatras. Finally, I will discuss future progress in Tatra mountains and i will try to answer the question, whether was a worse catastrophe a wind calamity or human intervention in this locality afterwards.
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Mapping, dating and documentation of historcal landscape structures in the landscape of the Lower Doubrava region
Horák, Jan ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
This diploma theses is focused on a topic of mediaeval landscape and it's recognition and it's development. The studied area is in the lower Doubrava River and Klejnárka river region, eastwards of Kutná Hora. The work is based on an analysis of historical, archaeological and geographical data and on a fieldwork research of the selected historical landscape features (of natural and also artificial origin). The dam of pond "Svatoanenský rybník" (Nové Dvory u Kutné Hory cadastral area) was chosen for the fieldwork research and for the dating analysis. There were made five dug sampling sites through the dam and alluvial sediments beneath. The profiles were described and analyzed. There were taken samples for these analyses: radiocarbon dating, optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL) and heavy metal content assessment. The pond's origin is historically dated 1501 - 1552 AD. The dam was archeologically dated 15th century post quem (on the basis of pottery and glass sherds analysis). There was taken only one sample for 14 C dating from alluvial sediments. The result of dating by AMS method is 2070 +- 30 BP, but stratigraphically these sediments came from Middle Ages. This difference is cleared up by resedimentation of sampled wood. The analysis of OSL is still not finished. Most interesting results...
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