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Structure and evolution of efflux pump in gramnegative bacteria.
Gálová, Diana ; Lichá, Irena (advisor) ; Matyska Lišková, Petra (referee)
Drug resistence in microorganisms is of major concern and there is an increasing number of pathogenic bacteria resistent to clinically used antibiotics. The major mechanism of resistence in Gram-negative is active efflux that prevent the intracellular accumulation of antibiotics to toxic levels. We recognise five families of efflux pumps, mainly using proton motive force to translocate the substrate, less common driven by ATP hydrolysis. The multidrug pumps with broad substrate specifity are of a key role in drug resistance of pathogens, typically represented by RND superfamily. The source of efflux pumps are probably the producers of antibiotics and organisms exposed to toxic compounds in their natural habitat. The genes for resistance can then spread out via horizontal gene transfer to other bacteria. It is presumed that eflux pumps have developed from transporters serving physiological functions like transport of endogenous substrates.
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Microbial communities of soils affected by long-term heavy metal contamination
Průchová, Pavla ; Kopecký, Jan (advisor) ; Matyska Lišková, Petra (referee)
This work is focused on microbial communities living in the soil affected by long-term exposure to heavy metals. The soil was sampled at two sites with different levels of contamination near Příbram. In the samples, respiration rate was measured in vitro after addition of carbon sources and at different levels of cadmium, one of the contaminating metals found in the soil. After the incubation with carbon sources, soil samples were collected for environmental DNA isolation. Gene coding for 16S rRNA in Actinobacteria was amplified from the environmental DNA samples and the amplicon composition was assessed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The resulting profiles were used to compare actinobacterial communities in both groups of soil samples and in individual treatments. The analysis showed a clear distinction between the two sites differing in the contamination level and shifts in the community composition of various intesity depending on the added substrate.
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Viral and cellular RNA-dependent RNA polymerases
Krupicová, Daniela ; Španielová, Hana (advisor) ; Lišková, Petra (referee)
Viral and cellular RNA dependent RNA polymerases Krupicová Daniela Abstract RNA dependent RNA polymerases synthesize RNA strand from RNA template. They can be divided into two large groups - viral (RdRp) and cellular (RDR) polymerases. Viral RdRp play a key role in the life cycle of RNA viruses, ensuring replication and transcription of their genome. The structure, which resembles the "right hand", is similar to other types single-subunit polymerases. Large amounts of knowledge are available about the RdRp of RNA viruses with positive single strand RNA genome. This information then helps in the development of antiviral drugs targeting the RdRp. The second group consists of cellular RDR. These polymerases are found only in eukaryotes. Their active site is homologous to the active site of multisubunits DNA dependent RNA polymerases. RDR is involved in RNA silencing pathways.
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Structure and characteristics of mutant hPrp31 in Retinitis pigmentosa
Těšina, Petr ; Staněk, David (advisor) ; Lišková, Petra (referee)
Retinitis pigmentosa is a hereditary eye disease causing progressive loss of photoreceptor cells, which leads to an irreversible sight handicap and eventually complete blindness. It is a major cause of visual handicap or blindness with very heterogenous genetic background. There are four genes accounting for retinitis pigmentosa that encode splicing factors necessary for spliceosomal assembly and function. Unlike any of the other known genes associated with this disease, these are all expressed ubiquitously throughout the human body. Intriguingly, the mutant forms of these vital splicing factors cause cell-type specific disease affecting only photoreceptor cones and rods. Molecular mechanisms underlying this cell-type specific effect remain elusive. One of these splicing factors is the hPrp31 protein. Its mutant form known as AD29 is the focal point of this thesis. Some of the effects of this mutation on the cellular level have been discovered recently. A creation of the expression vector followed by expression and purification of the truncated hPrp31 protein carrying the AD29 mutation is presented in this thesis. The purified product has been used for production of a αhPrp31 polyclonal rabbit antibody, whose applicability to western blot and immunofluorescence staining has been verified. Moreover...
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Genetic aspects of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy
Lišková, Petra ; Filipec, Martin (advisor) ; Čejková, Jitka (referee) ; Slavčev, Antonij (referee)
Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) is regarded as a rare autosomal dominant disorder, affecting both the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane. However, in the Czech Republic, PPCD is one of the most prevalent corneal dystrophies. The first phase of the project involved the phenotyping of Czech patients with PPCD and the collection of samples for further genetic analysis. The second phase involved determination of the PPCD chromosomal locus in two large families by using linkage analysis followed by positional candidate gene screening. In total 20 PPCD families with two or more affected members were ascertained. PPCD was diagnosed in 104 individuals, of these 82 provided peripheral blood sample for DNA isolation. Linkage analysis was performed on 52 members in two families that lead to the delineation of the PPCD locus to a 2.7 cM interval on chromosome 20p11.2, between flanking markers D20S48 and D20S139. This resulted in the exclusion of VSX1, which had previously been associated with PPCD, as the disease-causing gene in both families. Five positional candidate genes within the 2.7 cM genetic interval were screened for mutations in two probands from these families by the direct sequencing of the coding regions and no pathogenic mutations were identified. In summary, refinement of the...
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The issue of communication and nursing care at the patient with aphasia at the neurology department
LIŠKOVÁ, Petra
Communication is very importantfor providing high-quality nursing care.If the patient is unable to communicate there can occur a lot of misunderstandig in the nursing care process.The theoretical part is focussed on the issue of aphasia in general, on communication with the patient affected by aphasia and his or her family, on alternative means of communication and on saturation of needs connected with the speech disorder.The goal of the work was to find out what problems nurses providing aphasia patients with the nursing care met, next, whether they are well informed about the selection of aids enabling effective communication and whether they use them while caring for the patient with aphasia. We also wanted to find out more about the mutual cooperation of nurses and the speech therapist in the process of the communication development of the patient with aphasia.The last goal was to find out if the family is satisfied with the education in the sphere of using effective communication skills for the communication with their dear one.In the process of research inquiry in the empiric part there was used the quantitative method with anonymous questionnaires which were defined for nurses working at ictus centres, cerebrovascular complex and standard neurology departments. After getting information on the issue of satisfaction with the use of effective communication skills, the qualitative inquiry followed. In the research was used the method of non-standardized interview with seven family members of the hospitalized patients with aphasia.
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EU subsidies aimed at human resources – case study
Krejsová, Kateřina ; Urbánek, Václav (advisor) ; Lišková, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis is oriented on the issue of obtaining financial grants from the European Union for the development of human resources, specifically for legal entities situated in the capital of Prague. EU Structural Funds are introduced in the first part of the thesis; these finance projects directed on the development of human resources. Another part brings up the Operational Program Prague -- Adaptability. Third part is dedicated to the practical topic of acquiring the grants, particularly to a project application, its production, evaluation and obtaining of financial resources. Cost benefit analysis is introduced in this part as an appropriate tool to select and evaluate the project.
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Content and motivation of employees in Amrest s.r.o.
Lišková, Petra ; Kleibl, Jiří (advisor) ; Šikýř, Martin (referee)
This dissertation is focused on the problematic of content and motivation of employees in a concrete firm and the problem of high fluctuation connected with it. In the theoretical part there are summarized basic knowledge from the sphere of motivation and work motivation, demonstrated the best known theories of motivation and leading styles; and summarized knowledge of The work life quality research which is related to value orientation of employees in the Czech Republic. In the practical part I have analyzed recent situation in workmen's content and motivation using a questionnaire enquiry among employees. The employees were asked about a importance of single aspects of content with work -- wage, supervisor behaviour, processing atmosphere, access to information, job stability, appreciation of attained results, service conditions, scope of employment, employee benefits and financial bonuses. From gained information I have summarized conclusions and recommendation for leading an organization.
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