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Incidence of obesity in young school-age children
Balcarová, Kateřina ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Frühauf, Pavel (referee)
This master's thesis investigates the incidence of obesity in young school-age children, in two groups aged 6-8 and 10-12 years. Firstly, it summarises the current state of literature about obesity in children, secondly, the young school-age children are characterised and thirdly, it informs about healthy lifestyle in primary school lessons. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of obesity in young school-age children, to assess their eating and exercise habits and to find out if they are guided towards a healthy lifestyle during lessons. The test group included 214 participants (132 girls and 82 boys). Data collection was divided into two parts: the first part included anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist circumference) and the second part questioned children's eating and exercise habits by a survey. The results show a lower incidence of obesity in the examined group compared to the literature. However, a higher incidence of obesity in older children corresponds with existing literature. Regularity of having breakfast and consuming sweet drinks was significantly connected to the BMI Z-score value. Conversely, the association of BMI Z-score value with the distribution of physical exercise lessons (PE classes) per week was not significant. Education including healthy lifestyle...
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The effect of technologies on physical activity and eatning habits in adolescents
Charvátová, Pavla ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; El-Lababidi, Nabil (referee)
Children's obesity is a global issue. Overweight is associated with many health complications and social inconveniences. The theoretical part is devoted to the general causes of obesity development, complications associated with obesity and treatment of obesity. Physical activity, children's and adolescent's eating habits are discussed in the following chapter. Short parts are devoted to describing the characteristics of adolescents period and modern technologies. The group consisted of 11 adolescents aged from 11 to 18 years. The adolescents were observed for two months. During this period, adolescents recorded physical activity, number of steps, number of hours spent with technologies (mobile phones, computers, tablets, laptops). Each of them also wrote down their eating habits. All eating habits diets were provided evaluated and compared with recommendations. Adolescents were measured twice on a bioimpedance device, their body compositions were determined and evaluated based on their measuring. Research proved that each respondent has shown a change in body composition (ratio between muscle and fat), which did not always show a decrease in total body weight. For adolescents, motivation was caused by borrowed pedometers. But not even thanks to this modern technology, adolescents were not able to...
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LCD a VLCD diet during hospitalization
Zajíčková, Jana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Kytnarová, Jitka (referee)
Objective: LCD and VLCD diets are short-term indicated (days to weeks) low caloric and very low caloric diets, which should be supervised by a doctor - e. g. by means a weight loss hospitalization (WLH). LCD and VLCD diets are used in preoperative preparation of obese patients and to break insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM II). The theoretical part of the bachelor"s thesis is focused on LCD and VLCD in obesity and diabetes mellitus treatment - the two most common diseases that can be found in the medical history of patients indicated for WLH. The aim of the theoretical part is to compare obesity treatment in medical care and commercial weight loss programs (for commercial weight loss programs the term "obesity management" is used). The study evaluate the most common indications for WLH, determine weight changes during the hospitalization and compare the weight of patients with DM II and without DM II (nDM II) one year after the WLH. Methods: The input data were obtained from the Medea database. These are the anamnestic data of patients hospitalized for the purpose of losing weight on the Third Medical Department of First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague in the period of January 2014 - January 2015. There were 93 WLHs...
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Digital applications in nutritional therapy of type 2 diabetics
Gabajová, Kristína ; Karbanová, Martina (advisor) ; Kytnarová, Jitka (referee)
Introduction: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing in epidemic proportions, especially in low- and middle-income countries. There is an urgent need for new methods to address the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes. Controlling food intake is important in type 2 diabetics, which also helps in weight loss. Digital applications can be very beneficial when it comes to monitoring food intake and can also provide feedback on energy and nutritional value. The ubiquity of mobile phone use and Internet access makes mHealth technology a viable tool and aid in mode prevention and management in type 2 DM. Objective: The aim of the research was: (1) to determine whether nutritional intervention through digital applications makes sense; (2) to determine whether we can determine weight reduction based on subjective evaluation; and (3) to determine whether the recalculation of the menu in this study is necessary. Methods: This work was like a retrospective study. The data were obtained through the Vitadio Health program, which lasts 12 months, but in our research, the first 3 months, which indicate an intensive phase, were evaluated. A total of 473 photos from 22 users (15 men, 7 women) were obtained and analyzed. 3 consecutive entry/exit days were selected from the available menu entries. The...
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The influence of school meals and family on the development of overweight and childhood obesity
Skřivanová, Eliška ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Weidenthalerová, Edita (referee)
Currently childhood obesity has reached epidemiological levels and can be considered one of the world's biggest problems. The probability of an obese child becoming an obese adult is dangerously high. These children are also more likely to develop health risks. The mechanism of development of obesity is conditioned by a number of factors. These are most often genetic factors, whilst their environment also plays a large role. In this case the influence of the family and the preferred lifestyle, which plays a significant part in the development of obesity, may be a factor. Early treatment and detection is important to prevent future issues with weight and serious health risks. However in order for obesity to be treated, it must first be diagnosed, the so-called diagnosis of childhood obesity. School meals in Czech Republic are considered to be one of the most advanced in Europe. It is not about providing a sufficiently strict diet, it also pays attention to variety, balance of dishes and dining culture. School meals must comply with the legislation, comply with financial limits and follow nutritional standards, respectively a consumer basket that sets out the required quantity of ten food commodities per pupil a day and these have to be adhered to within one month. The environment of prevention...
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The role of nutrition in the treatment of osteoporosis
Večeřová, Vendula ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Kytnarová, Jitka (referee)
Introduction: Osteoporosis is one of the most frequent bone metabolic disease. It is a systemic metabolic skeleton disease, where the architecture of bone tissue is damaged due to the loss of bone mass, and therefore the bone quality is reduced. Thus, it comes to increased bones fragility and reduction in mechanical resistance, which leads to a higher risk of fractures. The principle of pathogenesis is an imbalance between resorption and bone formation. Due to increasing lifetime and lifestyle changes, the prevalence of the disease increases. Aim: The aim of the practical part of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the eating habits of postmenopausal women treated for osteoporosis and to evaluate their nutritional condition in relation to bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: Nutritional habits were obtained and evaluated through a questionnaire survey. Three-day meal records were collected and analysed using the Nutriservis Profesional nutritional software, to determine the energy intake and selected nutrients. Osteodensitometric data were measured using dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: The analysis of the diet showed that the observed group of women consumes an excessive amount of energy on average, especially in form of fats. Higher intake of protein was also observed....
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The effect of spa treatment on changes of anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese pediatric patients
Pejšová, Hana ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kytnarová, Jitka (referee) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
Childhood obesity is currently considered a serious pediatric problem. The main risk of this metabolic disease lies in the shift of comorbidities associated with obesity to ever younger age categories. This is also related to the increasing overall cardiometabolic risk in these obese individuals. Early detection and treatment of childhood obesity is an essential task of pediatrics. The possibility of non-pharmacological treatment of childhood obesity is spa treatment. It consists of intensive reduction therapy, which includes nutritional, physical and educational interventions. The aim of the study was to monitor changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters after monthly treatment in pediatric patients. Furthermore, to identify and specify selected potential markers of cardiometabolic risk that significantly correlate with BMI and could be useful in children and adolescents. The thesis also focused in detail on two adipocyte hormones - leptin and adiponectin, which already correlate with the amount of adipose tissue in the pediatric population. These hormones could become significant predictive parameters of metabolic syndrome, subclinical atherosclerosis and other comorbidities associated with obesity and cardiovascular risk, already in children. Based on our measurements we can confirm...
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The impact of IGF1 and selected IGF1 gene polymorphisms on postnatal growth in children SGA/IUGR and extremely preterm newborns.
Kytnarová, Jitka ; Zeman, Jiří (advisor) ; Baxová, Alice (referee) ; Houšťková, Hana (referee)
Long-term outcome of extremely preterm neonates depends on many endogenous and exogenous factors. Long-term follow-up of extremely preterm neonates during childhood and analyses of IGF1 gene polymorphisms may help to better understand the problems connected with delayed postnatal growth and the progression of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2 in adulthood. The aim was the long-term follow-up of anthropometric parameters in children born at 22−25th and 26−27th week of gestation and to study the association between postnatal growth of extremely preterm children, children small for gestational age (SGA) and children born at term with appropriate birth weight/length (AGA) and IGF1 gene polymorphisms: (CA)10-24 repetitive polymorphism in promoter, microsatellite marker D12S318 and 185 bp in 3'UTR, (CT)n polymorphism (CA)n polymorphism 216 bp in the intron 2. Methods. 242 infants born at 22-27+6 weeks were enrolled. Anthropometric parameters were measured at the ages of 2 and 5 years in 72 children born at 22-25+6 week (group I) and 85 children born at 26-27+6 week (group II). Polymorphisms of IGF1 were analysed in 51 extremely preterm, 208 AGA and 59 SGA children using fragment analyses. The data of postnatal growth data in AGA children were obtained at 18 months, in SGA and extremely...
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The effect of technologies on physical activity and eatning habits in adolescents
Charvátová, Pavla ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; El-Lababidi, Nabil (referee)
Children's obesity is a global issue. Overweight is associated with many health complications and social inconveniences. The theoretical part is devoted to the general causes of obesity development, complications associated with obesity and treatment of obesity. Physical activity, children's and adolescent's eating habits are discussed in the following chapter. Short parts are devoted to describing the characteristics of adolescents period and modern technologies. The group consisted of 11 adolescents aged from 11 to 18 years. The adolescents were observed for two months. During this period, adolescents recorded physical activity, number of steps, number of hours spent with technologies (mobile phones, computers, tablets, laptops). Each of them also wrote down their eating habits. All eating habits diets were provided evaluated and compared with recommendations. Adolescents were measured twice on a bioimpedance device, their body compositions were determined and evaluated based on their measuring. Research proved that each respondent has shown a change in body composition (ratio between muscle and fat), which did not always show a decrease in total body weight. For adolescents, motivation was caused by borrowed pedometers. But not even thanks to this modern technology, adolescents were not able to...
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The influence of spa care in the treatment of childhood obesity
Brtníková, Veronika ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karbanová, Martina (referee)
Worldwide, childhood overweight and obesity represents a pandemic. Thus, it is important to discuss this issue and solve it. The theoretical part focuses on the definition and diagnosis of childhood obesity. It also deals with different causes and consequences of weight gain in children. One chapter is dedicated to childhood obesity prevention at national and family level. Finally, treatments provided to cure the affected children are outlined in this bachelor thesis. The practical part focuses on treatment stays for children in Olivova dětská léčebna, o.p.s. during two treatment stays. It deals with the change in body weight and body composition during the stay in medical environment. It also describes different therapies used during these stays - particularly nutrition therapy, sport activities and patient education. Six months after the completion of the treatment stay children's parents or paediatricians were contacted and children's current body height and weight was assessed. These figures were compared with the values the children had when they finished their treatment stay. A part of this study was also the information whether these children see the experts regularly and participate in patient education repeatedly and how these consultations affect the further weight loss. All children lost...
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