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Forensic olfactorics and its future
Hladíková, Dominika ; Dvořák, Marek (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Forensic olfactorics and its future Forensic olfactorics is one of the methods of criminal odourology. Olfactorics uses the sense of smell of a specially trained dog to examine and identify odours. The most important type of dog scent work is the individual identification method. This method arose from the development of service cynology and has undergone considerable development over the years. There are extensive scientific studies dealing with the function of the dog's sense of smell, which show that there is as of yet no other device so developed that is capable of identifying and comparing human scent. The thesis also discusses the training of service dogs for scent work as well as the process of olfactory comparison, from locating scent traces, to securing them, to the actual comparison of two scent conserves. The legal framework for the use of olfactory comparison as part of evidence in criminal proceedings is also presented. In spite of the above, opinions persist within the judicial practice, especially that of the Czech Constitutional Court, that the evidence provided by the scent analysis is only supporting evidence and cannot be the main evidence. The thesis seeks to identify possible reasons for these opinions as well as to outline possible solutions that could enable the method of...
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Criminalistic Odorology
Vinšová, Denisa ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Dvořák, Marek (referee)
Criminalistic Odorology Abstract This thesis is focused on the scientific field of criminalistic odorology with a focus on criminalistic olfactorics. The main topic of this thesis is to find out on what principles this scientific field works and to map its system of functioning and using in practice. This thesis is divided into about 5 main chapters or topics that it deals with. These are the history of the development of criminal olfaction, the definition and description of criminal odour science, the theoretical basis for its use in practice such as the analysis of smell and olfaction and finally its use in practice. The last part focuses directly on the method of scent identification and its performance and use in court as evidence. The first chapter deals with the history and development of the use of the dog by man, first as his protector, then protector of his property, companion and finally scent biodetector in the service of the police. The second chapter defines what criminal odor science is and divides it into two parts, olfactorics and olfactronics, which it then describes as subjective and objective methods of examining scent. In the third chapter he discusses smell and olfaction and their biological, physical and chemical basis. The fourth chapter describes the use of dogs as live odour...
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Illegal possession and manufacture of firearms
Holoubek, Matěj ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Šelleng, Dalibor (referee)
Illegal possession and manufacture of firearms Abstract Topic of this thesis is illegal possession and manufacture of firearms, mainly focused on illegal manufacture of firearms. Key method of firearms manufacture, which is introduced to the reader, is 3D printing. First chapter contains the historical evolution of laws pertaining to illegal possession and manufacture of firearms, with the bulk of the chapter dedicated to 20th century. Second chapter deals with the currently used regulation of illegal possession and manufacture of firearms, from international contracts, through European law to administrative and criminal law. Some shortcomings concerning criminal law, stemming from changes in gun laws, are brought to the attention of the reader. Third chapter focuses on the known scope of illegal possession and manufacture of firearms. It contains police statistics from Czechia and surrounding countries and numbers of charged and sentenced for illegal possession and manufacture of firearms. Aside from that, it deals with gun crime, number of legal guns, number of missing and lost guns and the number of guns given up during gun amnesties. The following chapter explains the "traditional" methods of illegal manufacturing of firearms. It depicts selected cases of improvised manufacture of guns, and introduces...
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Forensic Ballistics
Stipplová, Nikola ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Dvořák, Marek (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to provide basic information on forensic ballistics and 3D printed weapons. The thesis is based on the analysis of Czech and international monographies and articles and provides insight into the legislative regulation of firearms in selected countries and the Czech Republic. The thesis is split into seven thematic chapters. The first chapter introduces the reader to the concept and function of forensic ballistics, generally defines the objects of its investigation and describes its various categories. The following chapter focuses on the history of forensic ballistics, both abroad and in Czechoslovakia. This chapter describes interesting cases and personalities who helped form forensic ballistics. The third chapter defines the objects of investigation in more detail. Firearms, ammunition, objects struck by bullets, and other tangible and intangible objects are described in more detail. The next two chapters focus more closely on the work of the ballistics expert, with chapter four describing ballistic marks. It outlines where to find them, how to locate and secure them, and the role played by the Ústřední sbírka balistických stop (Central collection of ballistic marks) and the Centrální registr zbraní (Central registr of fireamrs). In contrast, chapter five deals with...
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Methodology for investigation of sex crimes (selected issues)
Hospůdková, Tereza ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
The presented thesis with the title "Methodology for investigation of sex crimes (selected issues)" aims to comprehensively analyse the crime of rape in relation to criminal law, criminology and forensic science. I focused on the institute of rape, its investigation and specific or problematic aspects tied to it. The thesis is systematically divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the historical aspects of rape, the current legal regulation and comparing the Czech legal regulation of rape with its regulation in Slovakia. The second chapter is dedicated to the criminological aspect of rape, in particular to the myths that surround this crime. Further, I described the typology of rape through the lens of criminology and the personality of its perpetrator and victim. In the third chapter, I analyse the forensic nature of rape. I focused on several forensic components of this crime, and that is criminal situations and typical ways of committing rape. The fourth chapter deals with the methodology for investigation of the crime of rape, and which describes typical investigative situations or typical traces related to rape. My objective was to enrich this thesis with practical findings from crime investigations. I dedicated the last chapter of this thesis to these findings. For this...
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Criminalistic Experiment
Jaroschyová, Aneta ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
Diploma thesis name: Criminalistics experiment Keywords: criminalistic experiment, investigative experiment, special methods of evidence Abstract The diploma thesis entitled "Criminalistic Experiment" deals with the analysis of the concept of criminalistic experiment as one of the methods of criminalistic practice in the environment of the Czech legal system. It contains a theoretical part, which is a summary of the first ten chapters, and a practical part, which is the last, eleventh chapter. The theoretical part uses mainly the descriptive method, while the fifth chapter uses the comparative method. The first chapter presents the definition of the concept and the essence of the criminalistic experiment, while the specificity that distinguishes this criminalistic method from experimental activities in other areas of human activity is outlined. The second chapter then introduces the basic principles according to which we can divide the more general method of criminalistic experiment. The forms that can be distinguished for it are presented, while the investigative experiment, which is a specific method of criminalistic practice that is based on the more general method of criminalistic experiment, is discussed more. The third chapter deals with the history of the investigative experiments, first mentioning...
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Some special methods of evidence
Šudrychová, Šarlota ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
Some special methods of evidence Abstract The thesis focuses on five independent specific criminalistic-tactical methods of criminalistic practice. The Act No. 141/1961 Sb., o trestním řízení soudním (Criminal Procedure), provides these methods in the form of criminal-procedural acts as so-called Some special methods of evidence. The thesis describes these methods not only from a theoretical point of view, but also deals with specific cases from practice. The first chapter is entitled General Theoretical Background. It deals with the nature of some special methods of evidence, their purpose, documentation, and the principle of prohibition of coercion to self-incrimination. It also contains a practical demonstration of the difficulties of using some special methods of evidence in practice. The second chapter is about the historical development of the various methods. In particular, it focuses on the legislative development of confrontation and eyewitness testimony. The third chapter focuses on confrontation, its nature, its distinction from interrogation, the process and documentation of the act. The fourth chapter deals with eyewitness testimony, its nature, types of eyewitness's testimony and the possibilities of increasing the evidentiary strength of this act. This part of the thesis refers not only to...
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Crime scene reconstruction
Suková, Kristýna ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Dvořák, Marek (referee)
Crime scene reconstruction Abstract The theme of this Diploma thesis is crime scene reconstruction (also known as crime reconstruction). The author if this thesis focused primarly on Czech law. Crime scene reconstruction is type of criminalistic reconstruction. It is a forensic science discipline based on reconstruction of events and situations that occured as crime was being commited. Crime scene reconstruction is mainly used for cases of severe crime activity such as rape or muder. It was reglemented to Czech Criminal Procedure Code as one of "Special Means of Evidence" in 2001 when the so called "the big novelization" of Criminal Procedure Code took place. The other special means of evidence reglemented alongside with reconstruction were confrontation, recognition, investigation attempt and on site examination. The main aim of this diploma thesis is to thouroughly describe crime recontruction as one of the means of evidence. Leading method used in this project is the descriptive method followed by the comparative method. Finally analysis is also used in attempt to bring some new perspectives on the theme. Secondary aim of this diploma thesis is to compare reconstruction with other chosen Means of Evidence reglemented in the Criminal Procedure Code. Lastly next supporting aim is an attemt on analysis of...
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Children's internet safety in a social medial age with the focus on sexual assault
Holubová, Dominika ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Mulák, Jiří (referee)
1 Children's internet safety in a social media age with the focus on sexual assault ABSTRACT The thesis focuses on Internet sexual predatory crimes against children. It contains not only the theoretical aspects related to this issue, but also presents the related effective legislation, presents conclusions obtained from personal research and suggests possible partial changes. Sexual abuse of children in cyberspace in the form of cyber grooming is becoming a more current social issue every day. With the development of the Internet and social networks and the frequency of their use is growing at an uncontrolled rate by the day. Its effects can be severe for child's present and future life. It should therefore be given sufficient attention, both by the existing legal regulations and the tools available to detect and investigate it, and by the children themselves and their parents. In view of the social harmfulness of cyber grooming, there was a need to regulate this problem within the European Union. As a result, the criminal offence of making unlawful contact with a child was introduced into the Criminal Code with effect from 1 August 2014, with the aim of punishing the preparation of sexual offences, where the preparation is not in itself punishable. Even though many years have passed since its enactment,...
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The tactical methods of overcoming the false testimony
Kreidlová, Tereza ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Šelleng, Dalibor (referee)
The tactical methods of overcoming the false testimony Abstract The topic of the thesis are tactical methods of overcoming a false testimony, meaning the approaches which can an interrogator use within interrogation to overcome a false motivation and gain a truthful statement from interrogated. In the first chapter the author focuses on the concept of interrogation as an interdisciplinary term in course of which knowledge from several scientific fields is applied, while stating for what reasons it is necessary to understand and approach interrogation in this way. The author mostly focuses on the problematic of interrogation from the view of criminalistics, analyzes the individual phases of an interrogation and their significance for detecting and overcoming a lie. The second chapter is dedicated to the very essence of lie and false testimony. Here, the author tries to define a false testimony and define which manifestations of lie in communication and behavior of a person are still acceptable today for determining if the person is giving a false or truthful testimony. Conclusion of this chapter also outlines the most common reasons which motivate the interrogated people to give false testimony. The following is the chapter which in its introduction focuses on the general tactical methods and their role in...
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