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Statistical downscaling of extreme temperature values
Krejčová, Zuzana ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Mikšovský, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with statistical downscaling of extréme temperature values. In first section describes two type sof downscaling- dynamical and statistical. All the examples are listed and described variol methods to simulation chmate elements, in particular temperatures and precipitation. Then there asre the linea rand non-linear methods were compared and the results of previous studies deals with this problem. These studies address not only daily or monthly average values, but also extréme. Extreme values are more difficult to simulate. In my thesis, I focus on downscaling of extréme temperature using linear regression. I focused on the are sof Europe, where I chose 10 stations, which cover variol chmate of Europe. Extreme values to every season, the lowest in winter and the highest in summer. The aim of this thesis was determine whether i tis appropriate to use to simulate extreme temperature seasonal average values in the free atmosphere. Key words: downscaling, statistical downscaling, extreme temperature, climate simulation
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Atlantic thermohaline circulation, its possible future changes, and influence on European climate
Krejčová, Zuzana ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
Atlantic thermohaline circulation, its possible future changes, and influence on European climate This thesis deals with the changes in thermohaline circulation and is mainly focused on the Atlantic meridional circulation. The thesis also explains some basic concepts that relate to the thermohaline circulation. At first the text addresses its effect on the climate in Europe, how climate changes when occurs a change in the Atlantic meridional circulation. The thesis describes the development of the thermohaline circulation in the past, especially approximately 12,000 years ago. It is trying to explain the sudden climate change in response to changes in thermohaline circulation and it is also trying predict the future evolution of the Atlantic meridional circulation. Finally, there are several possible scenarios for the future. The goal of the practical part was to see how and if the average daily maximum and minimum temperatures are dependent on longitude. On the basis of this dependence may indirectly determine the effect of the thermohaline circulation on the climate. Keywords: thermohaline circulation, climatic change, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
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Voltammetric Study of the Interaction of Genotoxic 2-Nitrofluorene with DNA at a Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode
Krejčová, Zuzana ; Vyskočil, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Nesměrák, Karel (referee)
In this Diploma Thesis, an interaction of genotoxic environmental pollutant 2-nitrofluorene with a double-stranded calf thymus DNA has been studied using a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) as an electrochemical sensor. Two types of DNA damage were investigated and electrochemically detected (using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry): (i) The DNA damage caused by the direct interaction with 2-nitrofluorene and (ii) the DNA damage caused by short-lived radicals generated by the electrochemical reduction of the nitro group in 2-nitrofluorene. For the study of direct interaction, HMDE was modified by DNA and the interaction of DNA with 2-nitrofluorene was studied, after their incubation, right at the HMDE surface (adsorptive transfer stripping technique) or the DNA was preincubated with 2-nitrofluorene and, subsequently, the interaction was studied voltammetrically (DNA titration technique). Using both detection techniques, the formation of DNA - 2-nitrofluorene complex was observed and the mutual interaction was interpreted as an intercalation between the DNA base pairs, although such interaction was not clearly confirmed by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. An electrostatic binding of 2-nitrofluorene on DNA sugar-phosphate backbone was partially formed at low concentrations of...
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The impact of patient´s preparation on the progress of treatment in hyperbaric chamber.
KREJČOVÁ, Zuzana
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a treatment method that involves inhalation of 100% oxygen, and under higher pressure than the atmospheric. Blood has the ability to deliver more oxygen authorities. Treatment takes place in facilities called the hyperbaric chamber. During treatment, patients must adhere to certain principles that are given by the doctors and nurses working in these workplaces.The main objectives of this thesis were to map the influence of preparation on the course of treatment in a hyperbaric chamber and to determine how the patients are instructed by nurses during treatment in the hyperbaric chamber. Three research questions were set up to clarify how the preparation affects the patient during treatment in a hyperbaric chamber, as the patient is educated before treatment and what output the patient receives after leaving the hyperbaric chamber. In order to fulfill the objectives qualitative research methods were done, using a semi structured interview. The survey was conducted in two selected hospitals, in the České Budejovice Hospital, and at the University Hospital Plzeň - Lochotin. An individual, semi-structured interview was used as data collection technique, which was initially recorded on a cell phone and then transcribed into written form. At the beginning of the research interviews were conducted with nurses, who gave a comprehensive view of their job description. These conversations only complement the research. We included the brochure with basic information in our research and that was supplemented by information obtained from these interviews. The sample included patients treated in a hyperbaric chamber. They were subsequently divided into three subgroups. The first subgroup consisted of chronic patients, the second subgroup of patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the first time and who got the booklet with background information before their first exposure and in the third were also new patients but who were given a booklet after their first exposure. The survey was conducted in January and February 2015. Analyzed data formed four categories. Careful preparation of the patient is an essential part of treatment in a hyperbaric chamber, largely because of the specificity of this treatment, which consists mainly of placing the patient in an enclosed space, the need for a breathing mask and the inability to quickly leave the hyperbaric chamber without health risks. Therapy in a hyperbaric chamber alone is, in compliance with the indication, contraindication and dosing schedules and well-executed preparation, relatively safe and simple. From the above mentioned reasons it is necessary that the nurses in the area are sufficiently educated and that the patient who enters the hyperbaric chamber is properly prepared. Nurses educate each patient just before their first exposure, but also before every following one. There is very much information given to patients during preparation for entry into a hyperbaric chamber. The research showed that almost all the respondents had difficulty to remember all the details. Nurses tell them about hyperbaroxy essence, indications, contraindications, the exposure pattern, they select a breathing mask with them, and teach the patients to equalize the pressure in their ears, check their clothes and what they have with them. The nurses also check whether they are greased with creams, makeup and other cosmetics, and in the case of wounds if they are treated using a moist treatment instead of greasy. Before each exposure, the patient is asked about their health (a cold is a contraindication), their blood pressure is measured and the necessary nasal drops are applied. Precisely because of the considerable amount of information that patients get at their first exposure, we decided to include the booklet, which contains basic information for patients who are treated in a hyperbaric chamber for the first time, in our research.
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Nursing Care about Patient with Phlebothrombosis
KREJČOVÁ, Zuzana
Vein thrombosis (phlebothrombosis) is a disease which affects one if the parts of the deep vein system, when the vein is completely or partly blocked by a blood clot. This disease is, after the ischemic disease and hypertension, among the most common cardiovascular diseases at hospitalized people. This disease affects most often the veins in lower limbs and pelvis but it can also affect upper limbs (Skalická, 2006; Karetová, Bultas, 2009b). In case of the clot tearing off and moving into the pulmonary artery one of the most dangerous complications can occur ? pulmonary embolism. This can even lead to a death. Not only early diagnosis, but also suitable treatment, prevention and follow up care are important (Šárník, 2002). The main objective of the bachelor thesis was to find out specifications of nursing care and the most common nursing problems of a patient with phlebothrombosis. Three main research tasks were set, to find out specifications of the nursing care, the most common nursing problems and what areas the nursing care of a patient with phlebothrombosis should focus on. A qualitative method of research survey was applied to meet the tasks. The research survey was conducted in selected hospitals in the South Bohemia region, in the České Budějovice hospital, JSC, and Písek hospital, JSC. As the data collection technique, an individual, half-structured interview recorded in writing was used. The research group was compiled of 2 respondent groups. The first group were nurses working at internal departments. The selection criterion was their working at internal departments, were the patients with phlebothrombosis are treated. The second group were patients suffering from phlebothrombosis. By analysis of the collected data 4 categories were created, equal for both the nurses and the patients. Finding out the nursing care specifications at a patient with phlebothrombosis is necessary both for his treatment and his education. The respondents and nurses classified the following treatments as the medical treatment specifications: limbs bandaging, Fraxiparin application, Warfarin usage and the corresponding diet, rehabilitation and the follow-up care outside the hospital. Nevertheless, in the area of rehabilitation, complication symptoms and risk factors, shortcomings at respondents´ replies were identified. For the patient´s education it is necessary for the nurse to be familiar with the issue and to be able to use it in practice. The nurses demonstrated knowledge of Fraxiparin application, limbs bandaging, Warfarin usage and the corresponding diet. It was not difficult for them to understand he thrombosis issues. They were able to name risk factors, symptoms, prophylactic measures and the most dangerous complication, the pulmonary embolism. The interviews resulted in finding, that the nurses are well informed and they can pass the knowledge on to the patients. Despite the right education from the nurses we cannot avoid occasional omission of the treatment by the respondents. The respondents stated that sometimes they omit Warfarin usage, bandages application or they do not keep the diet properly. According to the nurses, the biggest problem for the patients is to keep the rest regime. The survey results showed that the respondents are quite well educated by the nurses. They proved it by their knowledge of applications, keeping the treatment regime, and by their awareness of their disease. Most of the respondents undergo the follow-up care, either at internal departments or at their general practitioner. The nursing care of a patient with phlebothrombosis focuses on the area of education, disease diagnosis, treatment and the disease influence on the patient´s life.
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