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Geodesic dynamics in the fields of black holes surrounded by discs
Kraus, Karel ; Semerák, Oldřich (advisor) ; Čížek, Martin (referee)
One of the basic tasks of general relativity is to calculate the motion of free test particles by integrating the geodesics equation. In the field of an iso- lated stationary black hole, the problem is fully integrable. However, the pres- ence of any other source of gravitation disrupts this property and the geodesic motion may become chaotic. In the following work we study the dynamics of motion around a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by inverted Kuzmin- Toomre disks. To integrate the geodesics equation, we have developed a new code and investigated in detail some numerical methods, in particular, we com- pared Runge-Kutta methods and modified symplectic integrators. 1
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Repositioning of Birell brand as a tool for potential growth and entry to other categories
Jáchymovský, Oliver ; Machek, Martin (advisor) ; Kraus, Karel (referee)
Positioning is a key element of brand's strategic management and it is often a driver for success on given market. In every brand's life cycle there can be a moment, where current positioning simply doesn't work anymore, so there is need to reposition the brand to modify the current one or develop a new one. The main goal of this master thesis is to give readers full detail of the whole process of repositioning and to create ideal scenario for this process in FMCG market. I describe all most important parts of the brand and its strategic management related to positioning in the theoretical part. In the practical part I use a method of case study of Birell brand to describe real example of repositioning. This case study also includes reasons and consequences of the repositioning. In conclusion of the thesis, there is compiled ideal scenario of the whole process, that can serve as a basis for further research or as a instruction for future projects.
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Influence of water deficit on physiological characteristics of selected species of green leafy vegetables
Kraus, Kamil ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Dana, Dana (referee)
The harmful influences on plants are called stress factors. The stress itself does not slow down only vital functions of plants but influences directly the size and quality of final product as well.
Worldwide, we count the so called abiotic stresses as the most significant crop production stressors. These include in recent years extremely high temperatures and unequal rainfall distribution both areal and during vegetation period.
The water deficit (drought) belongs to the most important stress factors in agriculture. It influences crop production all over the world. Also vegetables are responsive to water deficit, especially the species with huge amount of water in their tissue. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to assess the impact of water stress on gas exchange and photosynthetic activity of mangold "Beta vulgaris", salad rocket "Eruca sativa" and lettuce "Lactuca sativa", which were placed at water deficit.
The plants - mangold, salad rocket and lettuce - were grown in a partly controlled greenhouse conditions under the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology FAPPZ ČZU in Prague. The plants were grown at a temperature of 25°C in daytime and 18°C at night under natural light conditions. They were grown in containers of size of 11x11 cm in a mixture of garden substrate A and silica sand in the ration 2:1. The experimental scheme included two variants - control and stressed. The control group of plants was watered, and the second half of plants was left under stress for 22 days, when the water deficit was induced by gradual drying for one month, the experiment took place from 1.6 2015 to 22.6 2015. The speed of gas exchange by plants was measured by apparatus LCpro+. From the values of photosynthesis and transpiration water use efficiency (WUE) and chlorophyll fluorescence were calculated.
The gained results proved difference at reaction to water stress between observed kinds of leaf vegetables.
The speed of photosynthesis and transpiration of observed plant species was measured, which decreased due to impact of water deficit. The average speed of photosynthesis of stressed plants was the lowest by lettuce (11,16 "mikro"mol CO2.m-2.s-1), contrarily the highest by mangold (13,2"mikro"mol CO2.m-2.s-1). In case of control plants was the lowest speed of photosynthesis noticed by lettuce (12,03"mikro"mol CO2.m-2.s-1) and the highest by mangold (14,00"mikro"mol CO2.m-2.s-1). In comparison with control group, the speed of photosynthesis of lettuce decreased significantly by impact of water deficit (difference make 7,23 %). On the other hand the lowest decrease of photosynthesis from stressed plants 5,93% was noticed for mangold.
In case of speed of transpiration, it is possible to note, that the lowest transpiration of control group shows mangold with the average speed of transpiration 1,82 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1, by contrast the highest transpiration was measured by lettuce 3,20 mmol H2O. m-2.s-1. In the case of stressed plants moved the average speed of transpiration between 1,54 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1 for lettuce and 1,79 (mmol H2O.m-2.s-1) for mangold. Also, between control and stressed plants of the same species were found differences, and salad rocket reacted to stress of drought more sensitively and mangold less sensitively. For these two plant species was noted decrease of transpiration in the amount of 23,80% and 1,76%.
From the measured value of photosynthesis and transpiration was calculated water use efficiency (WUE). The calculated values show that stressed plants have higher value of WUE in comparison to control plants. The lowest water efficiency from control plants produced salad rocket
(6.51 x 10-3), while the highest mangold (10.31 x 10-3). In the case of stressed plants was the lowest value of WUE noted for salad rocket (8.96 x 10-3), while for mangold was the highest (10.71 x 10-3).
Chlorophyll fluorescence of the experimental plants was also measured. This characteristic was not influenced by plant species, because in case of control plants, there were no differences found between observed plant species. The lowest difference in value of fluorescence had plants of lettuce (0,69) while the highest mangold and salad rocket (0,7). In conclusion it is possible to note, that more sensitive to water deficit are plants of lettuce. As more tolerant to water deficit seems mangold and salad rocket.
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Brand management of selected brand
Machová, Markéta ; Průša, Přemysl (advisor) ; Kraus, Karel (referee)
The thesis engages in the subject of brand management. The objective of the thesis was to conceive the subject of brand management and to apply the knowledge gained to a particular brand, i. e. to analyze and critically evaluate current brand management of the brand selected and to suggest recommendations for leading the brand in the future. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on brand, brand elements and functions and engages in particular phases of the brand management process. The practical part of the thesis introduces the market of the chosen brand, the brand producer and the brand itself. The practical part also includes evaluation of survey concluded. The final part of the thesis engages in describing and evaluating the current management of the brand selected and in composing recommendations for leading the brand in the future.
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Strategické řízení a budování značky Pilsner Urquell
Nováková, Tereza ; Postler, Milan (advisor) ; Kraus, Karel (referee)
The thesis is divided into nine chapters. The first three chapters deal with theoretical background, which forms the basis for the following six chapters of the practical part. The first chapter is devoted to definitions of basic concepts such as brand, product and brand relationship, it also describes the basic elements of the brand. The second chapter deals with two key concepts of strategic brand management - brand identity and value concept. The third chapter focuses on the process of strategic management and benefits of a strong brand for both businesses and consumers. Chapter ends with analysis of the components of the marketing mix and their impact on building brand equity. The fourth chapter focuses on the analysis of the Czech beer market within the global context. The fifth chapter focuses Plzeňský Prazdroj, a.s. and its owner SABMiller plc. The sixth chapter introduces Pilsner Urquell brand - its history, the specifics of the beer production and its export and licensing activities. At the end of the chapter international brand management is briefly mentioned. The seventh chapter is devoted to strategic management of Pilsner Urquell in the Czech market. The target audience and typical consumption opportunities for the brand are described, as well as positioning and marketing mix. The eighth chapter focuses on the analysis of opportunities for the Pilsner Urquell brand in relation to young men between 18 and 29 years. Results of the research are summarized in the SWOT analysis and conclusions for the design of communication strategy and drawn. The last chapter outlines proposals for possible communications strategy for the Pilsner Urquell brand in relation to the above-mentioned target group. Proposals are divided into five blocks, namely on-trade and off-trade activation, activation through new media, through the special events aimed at young people and product placement in computer games and films.
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