|
|
Body composition determination by means of bioimpedance analysis in healthy volunteers
Talová, Barbora ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Barbora Talová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Body composition determination by means of bioimpedance analysis in healthy volunteers The aim of this thesis in theoretical part was to elaborate the existing knowledge about the composition of a human body and methods used for evaluation of body fat. The second aim was to compare the conformity and differences among several methods used to determine total and visceral fat. A total of 43 women participated in the study. They were divided into two groups according to their BMI. The first group consisted of 35 women with normal BMI (21.2 ± 2.2). The second group consisted of 8 obese women with a BMI of 43.4 ± 8.7. Three methods were used to determine body fat in the body-bioimpedance method with bipedal electrode arrangement (Tanita instrument), bioimpedance method with Abdominal fat analyzer and skinfold thickness measurement. The body fat percentage was determined by using the Deurenberg, Brozek, Siri, Bunc and Parizkova calculations. Significant statistical differences between the measured groups were found in age, weight and BMI. A greater amount of fat mass and a lower proportion of...
|
|
|
The energy balance evaluation at spontaneous breathing polytrauma patients with nutritional support in ICU.
Jelínková, Valerie ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis investigates the influence of nutrition support on a set of critically ill patients after the administration of parenteral nutrition by measuring their energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. The study was performed on 8 spontaneously breathing patients during the 2nd-5th day of polytrauma and the variables were obtained by Indirect calorimetry. The mean age of the patients was 42 ± 16 years. Four patients were obese, three were overweight and one had normal weight in the examined group. The measurement was conducted on 7 patients after hypocaloric nutrition administration (1323 ± 281 kcal/day) and 1 patient after hypercaloric nutrition administration (3400 kcal/day). Statistical analysis revealed that the administered nutritional support had no significant effect on energy expenditure and the substrate oxidation preference. However, correlations between the values of energy expenditure, nutrients oxidation, and values of some of the laboratory parameters were observed. The energy expenditure of polytraumatic patients measured at least 4 hours after nutritional administration was 2139 ± 518 kcal/day and 24.6 ± 3.5 kcal/kg/day. This energy expenditure was covered by oxidation of proteins (31%), by lipids (46%) and by carbohydrates (23%). Large variability was found among the results...
|
|
|
Study of the variations in the expression of different adhesion and cytoskeletal proteins of podocytes (E-Cadherin, Podocin, Vimentin) due to Bisphenol A
Chvojanová, Zuzana ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Němečková, Ivana (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences The University of Alcalá, Faculty of Medicine, Department of biomedicine and biotechnology Student: Zuzana Chvojanová Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Consultant: María Isabel Arenas Jimenéz Title of the diploma thesis: Study of the variations in the expression of different adhesion and cytoskeletal proteins of podocytes (E-Cadherin, Podocin, Vimentin) due to Bisphenol A Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widespread compounds in the world, producing over 6 billion metric tons per year. It is widely used as part of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, from which reusable plastic bottles, food boxes and some medical equipment are made. It is also used to coat the inner layer of the cans. Previous studies have shown that BPA contributes to many chronic diseases in the human body, such as kidney disease - diabetic nephropathy. Podocytes - terminally differentiated cells of the Bowman's capsule in glomerulus - are an integral part of the filtration barrier, where they play an important role in preventing the plasmatic proteins from penetrating to the urine. Therefore, in this study, we looked at the effect of BPA on these cells and their particular proteins, using both in vivo and...
|
|
|
Changes in resting energy expenditure during pregnancy.
Gierová, Lucie ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Background The aim of this work was to determine changes in resting energy expenditure in three periods of pregnancy using indirect calorimetry and assess correlations between the obtained resting energy expenditure values and anthropometric parameters. Methods To determine resting energy expenditure was used indirect calorimetry, which measured oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, from which this value was calculated. Measurements were performed in seven healthy pregnant women. Measurements took place over three periods. The first examination took place from the 17th to the 27th week of pregnancy, the second from the 28th to the 35th week of pregnancy and the third from the 36th to the 38th week of pregnancy. Results We found that resting energy expenditure values increased with pregnancy length (REE1 = 1670 ± 148 kcal/day; REE2 = 1717 ± 230 kcal/day; REE3 = 1984 ± 209 kcal/day). Also, correlations have been found with age, body weight, fat free mass and fat mass, body surface area, body mass index, and other parameters. Conclusion During pregnancy many changes happen, including metabolic changes. We acknowledged that with increasing duration of pregnancy REE increases, most significantly at the end of pregnancy. This increase is related to a large number of factors, as correlation...
|
|
|
Body composition determination by means of bioimpedance analysis in healthy volunteers
Talová, Barbora ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Barbora Talová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Body composition determination by means of bioimpedance analysis in healthy volunteers The aim of this thesis in theoretical part was to elaborate the existing knowledge about the composition of a human body and methods used for evaluation of body fat. The second aim was to compare the conformity and differences among several methods used to determine total and visceral fat. A total of 43 women participated in the study. They were divided into two groups according to their BMI. The first group consisted of 35 women with normal BMI (21.2 ± 2.2). The second group consisted of 8 obese women with a BMI of 43.4 ± 8.7. Three methods were used to determine body fat in the body-bioimpedance method with bipedal electrode arrangement (Tanita instrument), bioimpedance method with Abdominal fat analyzer and skinfold thickness measurement. The body fat percentage was determined by using the Deurenberg, Brozek, Siri, Bunc and Parizkova calculations. Significant statistical differences between the measured groups were found in age, weight and BMI. A greater amount of fat mass and a lower proportion of...
|
|
|
Bioimpedance spectroscopy analysis of body composition during pregnancy.
Nosková, Andrea ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is a non-invasive and rapid method of determining the amount of body fluids and their distribution within the extracellular and intracellular space based on tissue resistance. The device is able to estimate the mass of fat and muscle tissue due to different amounts of water. The aim of the thesis was to determine the structure of human body in different phases of pregnancy by means of bioimpedance spectroscopy. There are not many research institutes in the Czech Republic dealing with the development of metabolic and physical changes during pregnancy. Seven pregnant women were involved in the clinical observational study. They had physiological pregnancy, good metabolic health, non-smokers and non-drinkers. Except one woman, they were all primiparous. These pregnant women were examined a total of three times by the Body composition monitor (BCM). The measured values showed increase of weight in all examined cases by roughly about 13,3 kg (median). Ratios lean mass tissue/height 2 ratios (LTI) and fat/height 2 ratios (FTI) has reached their maximum at the end of the third trimester. The amount of total fluid (TBM), intracellular fluid (ICW) and extracellular fluid (ECW) increased gradually. The highest peak of all fluids was reached in the third trimester and with...
|
|
|
Etiopathogenesis of kidney failure
Dohnalová, Mirka ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
8 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Studies Supervisor: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Candidate: Mirka Dohnalová Title of Diploma thesis: Etiopathogensis of Kidney Failure Introduction: A kidney failure is a state that accompanies a number civilization illnesses. This illness arises mostly from badly compensated diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity or from the influence of unwanted effects caused by some medicaments and toxins. An important precaution in the treatment of renal insufficiency is well-timed and proper treatment. It contributes to reduce other possible complications. The aim of the thesis: The aim of the thesis was to evaluate effects of individual risk factors on the function of the kidneys. This result has been given by health database. Methods: We collected information using a questionnaire method and collected from a medical database. Conclusion: According to our results, the most risky group is the group of patients with high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. These patients have a higher risk of renal failure. Other causes of this disease include unhealthy lifestyle, limited physical activity and smoking. Key words: causes, kidney failure
|
|
|
Evaluation of diet composition by questionnaire method
Beránková, Hana ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Hana Beránková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, PhD. Title of the thesis: Evaluation of diet composition by questionnaire method Theoretical introduction and aim of the thesis: Although there are a number of guaranteed good practices and definitions for healthy eating and the amount of recieved nutrients is a totally individual matter, in general we can say it is mainly a balanced amount of essential nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids), additional nutrients (vitamins and minerals) and sufficient amount of water that keeps the human body in stable homeostasis. The aim of this thesis was to get an overview of this issue and to focus on practical research consisting in monitoring of nutritional intake of energy, nutrients, vitamins and minerals in a selected group of people and in the end to compare the results with the recommended values. Methods: Testing took place in the form of weekly records of all food intake and physical activity in a group of randomly selected persons aged 20-30. The study was conducted from March to May 2018. The data were processed by NutriDan computer program and with using Compendium of physical activities from 2011. Results: The results of such...
|
|
|
Sexual dimorphism of rat gut microbiota composition and intestinal immunity
Kalousová, Pavla ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Pavla Kalousová Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title: Sexual dimorphism of rat gut microbiota composition and intestinal immunity Background and Aim: Many factors can influence the composition of gut microbiota and the immune system. It is well-known that one of those factors is sex. This sexual dimorphism can lead to a specifically adjusted treatment of diseases for different gender and nutritional interventions. This study focuses on analysing sexual differences in gut microbiota and intestinal immunity in adult rats. Methods: Caecal content from 12-week-old female and male Wistar rats were collected and analysed by DNA-sequencing technique to characterize microbiota composition. ELISA test was performed to quantify the concentration of IgA in faeces and gut wash. Flow cytometry determined the concentration of IgA-coating bacteria in faecal samples. Results: Metagenomic analysis revealed that female gender presents 1 phylum, 4 families, 13 genera, and 13 species which are not present in male rats. Only one male-specific colonization was observed at the species level. Quantitative analysis showed a higher proportion of Firmicutes phylum in males which was associated with...
|
|
|
A comparison of lethal and maximum tolerated dose of standard acetylcholinesterase reactivators
Žárská, Nikola ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Marek, Jan (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate Bc. Nikola Žárská Supervisor PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Consultant Mgr. Martina Hrabinová Title of Thesis A comparison of lethal and maximum tolerated dose of standard acetylcholinesterase reactivators. Diploma thesis deals with the topic of nerve agents. Specifically, it demonstrates the reactivating effect of oxime HI-6 (at 100 % maximum tolerated dose and 5 % median lethal dose) on the acetylcholinesterase inhibited by sarin. The experiment was carried out in vivo in Balb/c mice. The treatment was administered either with oxime HI-6 alone, in the above- mentioned doses, or in combination with the parasympatholytic atropine. The change in activity of acetylcholinesterase was measured by spectrophotometrically method, modified by the Ellman, in blood and brain. There were no signs of sarin intoxication in mice, that where treated with 100 % maximum tolerated dose of HI-6, in compare to mice treated with atropine only and 5 % median lethal dose of HI-6, where the intoxication was observed. It was founded that after i.m administration of 100 % maximum tolerated dose, the HI-6 concentration reached 500 µM in plasma and 10 µM in brain. This concentration is safe, but for...
|
guest ::
RSS feed.