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Subjective perception of intergroup contact with nationals of four countries neighboring to the Czech Republic
Kouřilová, Sylvie
The paper focuses on subjective perception of intergroup contact with people from four countries neighboring to the Czech republic. The study is a part of a research project „Intergroup attitudes and contact in Central Europe“. One of the goals of the project is to determine how contacts with people of other nationalities relate to attitudes towards these nations. Czech university students described their experience with Germans (N = 176), Austrians (N = 165), Poles (N = 174), and Slovaks (N = 176). Content analysis of their open statements revealed six topics covering nature of contact with people of the given nationalities. Description of the identified categories, their illustration with examples from data as well as their frequency across respondents´ statements give picture about intergroup contact with the four neighboring nationalities.
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The 15th European Conference on Personality: Program and Abstract
Blatný, Marek ; Hřebíčková, Martina ; Kouřilová, Sylvie ; Slezáčková, Alena ; Květon, Petr ; Vobořil, Dalibor
The 15th European Conference on Personality (ECP15) was held in Brno, Czech Republic, July 20-24, 2010. The conference was organized by the European Association of Personality Psychology together with the Institute of Psychology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The programme of the ECP15 included contributions on distinctive personality issues, such as personality genetics, personality and behavioral control, neurophysiology of intelligence, and methodological issues of personality research. Furthermore, presenters introduced their findings about personality and social relationships, developmental aspects of personality, as well as personality and cultural differences. The ECP 15 also hosted dialogues between personality psychology and newly established theoretical approaches such as positive psychology.
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Slovak Tango: Perception of Slovak Personality Characteristics
Hřebíčková, Martina ; Kouřilová, Sylvie
The study focuses on national stereotype of Slovaks and its comparison with Czech, German, Austrian and Polish stereotypes. Over 4,136 Czech university students and 100 adults in eight subsamples from different parts of the Czech Republic rated five “typical country representatives” on National Character Survey Results indicated that the typical Slovak is perceived the same way across groups of respondents. The second goal of our study was to compare Slovak auto- (ratings by Slovaks) and heterotereotypes (ratings by Czechs). We found no correspondence between perceptions of a typical Slovak from an ingroup and outgroup perspective. Our third goal was to compare stereotypical profiles of the five countries’ representatives based on ratings from Czech respondents. We found that the profile of a typical Slovak corresponds with the profile of a typical Pole, while profile of a typical German corresponds with the profile of a typical Austrian.
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Jazyková abstrakce, meziskupinové zkreslení a národnostní esencialismus
Kouřilová, Sylvie ; Geschke, D. ; Finell, E. ; Bilewicz, M. ; Casini, A.
Language Abstraction, Intergroup Bias and National Essentialism is a part of an international project initiatedat the EAESP Summer School 2006 in Padova supervised by Anne Maass and Guen R. Semin. Our experimental study builds on the Linguistic Category Model (LCM) by Semin & Fiedler (1988, 1991) and itsrecent developments suggested by Carnaghi, Maass, Gresta, Bianchi, Arcuri, & Cadinu (submitted). In their research, Carnaghi et al. have shown differences in the inductive potential of nouns versus adjectives. We attempted to link their findings with intergroup attitudes and national essentialism. In four European countries, we examined whether the use of nouns versus adjectives for nationality labels of target persons has effects on intergroup bias. The use of more abstract language for the description of a target person (e.g. a Czech) should lead to stronger intergroup bias than the use of less abstract language (e.g. Czech). Based on Carnaghi and colleagues’ ideas we supposed that the link between more abstract language and stronger intergroup bias is mediated via the process of ascribing more essentialist characteristics to the target person. In the context of our research, national essentialism is defined as a belief system that is based on different components of national identity. Along with Habermas (2000), we distinguish three components of national identity: ethnic, cultural and civic. Denoting nationality with a noun (e.g. a German) should trigger a higher rate of perceived essentialism whereas using an adjective for a nationality label (e.g. German) should lead to a lower level of perceived essentialism.
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