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On the Relationship Between Metaphor and Technology: a Comparative Study on Nanotechnology
Kotlík, Pavel ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Vincent, Bernadette Bensaude (referee) ; Konrad, Kornelia (referee)
At the turn of the millennium, the most developed countries began to take interest in nanotechnology, that is, technologies defined by their precise nanometer-level functionality, but also by their substantial, realised, or anticipated changes in industry and medicine. At the European policy level, nanotechnology has become part of the pan-national governance principle, accompanied however by low public awareness of the benefits and risks. Nanotechnology engenders gradual, albeit very controversial transformations where actors adopt various communication strategies. The dissertation presents an analysis of the relationship between metaphor and nanotechnology. Neither metaphor nor nanotechnology is a neutral resource to be freely exploited, but both have significant implications for the strategic efforts of actors who use them. The study has the objective of exploring the social representations of nanotechnology in the various local (cultural) contexts of their medialisation and investigating the isomorphism which exists between metaphorical structures and the evolution of nanotechnology controversies. The theoretical part considers the role of metaphors in constructing social representations of nanotechnology and in translating between there and then and here and now. These representations and...
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Notions of after-life and meaning of death in Zuni society
Ručková, Eliška ; Řezáčová, Vendula (advisor) ; Kotlík, Pavel (referee)
Bachelor's thesis called Visions of the afterlife and the importance of death for the Zuni Indian tribe is trying to provide a comprehensive view of the funeral rituals and death beliefs among the selected society of the Puebloan Indians. At first, I try to outline the historical background of the development of the Zuni tribe, along with a brief description of the manner of life and religion and its changes, especially under the influence of Spanish conquerors and Christian religion. After that I am trying to put topic itself into this outline. The paper also briefly deals with selected myths that are one of the main sources of ideas about the afterlife among Zuni for this thesis. The thesis devotes most attention to the afterlife along with funerary ritual. The main objective of this work is both to see how ideas about the death of Zuni reflect their society, and what is meaning of death for them. The paper strives to show that importance of death is in the context of maintaining the unity of a society that is so typical for this tribe.
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Promethean technology: Discourse analysis and narrative construction of meaning
Kotlík, Pavel ; Kandert, Josef (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
Cílem práce je porozumění významu propojení současných a revolučních technologií s mýtem "O Prométheovi". V teoretické rovině jejich metaforické propojení považuji za heuristický nástroj sociální racionality, která má přisoudit realitě určitý smysl, má alegoricky vyjevovat na první pohled nezjevné významy moderních technologií. Představuje také imaginární vztah lidí k "reálným" podmínkám jejich existence, které se zároveň reflexivně ustavují. Prostřednictvím diskurzivní analýzy a analýzy narativní konstrukce, přistupuji k analýze mýtu v oblasti biotechnologií, jaderných technologií a technologie vzdělávání. Zde na základě historického významu mýtu odhaluji dva režimy vyprávění mýtu o technologii - triumfální (triumf) a katastrofální (spád). Oba plní důležitou úlohu v oblasti mocenských praktik. Triumf a spád se reflexivně opakují v různých technologických oblastech na základě narativní konstrukce ze strany aktérů - jsou diskurzivními formacemi. Aktéři těchto diskurzů vybírají vhodné paralely ze dvou metaforických částí, mýtu i technologie, aby vyhovovaly reprezentacím adekvátním smyslu jejich ideologie. Skupinovým vyjádřením těchto ideologií vznikají i tzv. prométheovská společenství. Diskurzivně tvárný, prométheovský mýtus bez místních a časových omezení ožívá i v 21.století. Metafora je součástí...
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On the Relationship Between Metaphor and Technology: a Comparative Study on Nanotechnology
Kotlík, Pavel ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Vincent, Bernadette Bensaude (referee) ; Konrad, Kornelia (referee)
At the turn of the millennium, the most developed countries began to take interest in nanotechnology, that is, technologies defined by their precise nanometer-level functionality, but also by their substantial, realised, or anticipated changes in industry and medicine. At the European policy level, nanotechnology has become part of the pan-national governance principle, accompanied however by low public awareness of the benefits and risks. Nanotechnology engenders gradual, albeit very controversial transformations where actors adopt various communication strategies. The dissertation presents an analysis of the relationship between metaphor and nanotechnology. Neither metaphor nor nanotechnology is a neutral resource to be freely exploited, but both have significant implications for the strategic efforts of actors who use them. The study has the objective of exploring the social representations of nanotechnology in the various local (cultural) contexts of their medialisation and investigating the isomorphism which exists between metaphorical structures and the evolution of nanotechnology controversies. The theoretical part considers the role of metaphors in constructing social representations of nanotechnology and in translating between there and then and here and now. These representations and...
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Culture of Fear: Discourse Analysis of Šluknovsko Media Event
Tremčinský, Martin ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Kotlík, Pavel (referee)
This paper deals with the discourse analysis of media case Šluknovsko, which erupted in 2011. It focuses on the construction of the risk arising from Šluknovsko crisis, relying mainly on Beck's theory of risk society. Paper through the analysis of newspaper articles from the autumn of 2011 shows how base on a local crisis based national and global risk associated with ethnic minorities are constructed. At the same time paper shows how the media construction of risk is connected with a process called glocalization, in which are locally limited and specific incidents correlated with transnational processes, in order to create global risks. Furthermore, this paper identifies actors, based on local narratives that are constructed in the case, which are, according to media, responsible for dealing with a crisis and the resulting risks. In conclusion, the author considers the potential impacts that such a risk discourse can have on government policy.
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The Social Construcion of Mental Illness - Historical Changes during Middle Ages and Early Modern Times
Sklenařík, Pavel ; Paulíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kotlík, Pavel (referee)
The present thesis deals with the phenomenon of madness in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age. The author describes the function of madness in the context of each historical period by way of examining the historical development of the social status of the mentally ill. Various aspects of insanity as well as distinct characteristics and qualities of lunatics persons, such as gender, assets, or the actual level of mental disorder, are taken into consideration in order to demonstrate the consequently differing approaches of the sane to the insane and vice versa. The result of the historical process of the formation of the society's stance towards the lunatics and insanity in general is then transferred to the present where the discussed processes are demonstrated on real examples. Insanity is viewed through the prism of social constructivism. In line with the view that insanity, as a social construction, is a product of discourse, one of the present work deals with the dispute on the right of defining insanity whose result influenced the inception of psychiatry as a discipline as well as the current attitude of the society with respect to insanity.
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Notions of after-life and meaning of death in Zuni society
Ručková, Eliška ; Řezáčová, Vendula (advisor) ; Kotlík, Pavel (referee)
Bachelor's thesis called Visions of the afterlife and the importance of death for the Zuni Indian tribe is trying to provide a comprehensive view of the funeral rituals and death beliefs among the selected society of the Puebloan Indians. At first, I try to outline the historical background of the development of the Zuni tribe, along with a brief description of the manner of life and religion and its changes, especially under the influence of Spanish conquerors and Christian religion. After that I am trying to put topic itself into this outline. The paper also briefly deals with selected myths that are one of the main sources of ideas about the afterlife among Zuni for this thesis. The thesis devotes most attention to the afterlife along with funerary ritual. The main objective of this work is both to see how ideas about the death of Zuni reflect their society, and what is meaning of death for them. The paper strives to show that importance of death is in the context of maintaining the unity of a society that is so typical for this tribe.
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Promethean technology: Discourse analysis and narrative construction of meaning
Kotlík, Pavel ; Kandert, Josef (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
Cílem práce je porozumění významu propojení současných a revolučních technologií s mýtem "O Prométheovi". V teoretické rovině jejich metaforické propojení považuji za heuristický nástroj sociální racionality, která má přisoudit realitě určitý smysl, má alegoricky vyjevovat na první pohled nezjevné významy moderních technologií. Představuje také imaginární vztah lidí k "reálným" podmínkám jejich existence, které se zároveň reflexivně ustavují. Prostřednictvím diskurzivní analýzy a analýzy narativní konstrukce, přistupuji k analýze mýtu v oblasti biotechnologií, jaderných technologií a technologie vzdělávání. Zde na základě historického významu mýtu odhaluji dva režimy vyprávění mýtu o technologii - triumfální (triumf) a katastrofální (spád). Oba plní důležitou úlohu v oblasti mocenských praktik. Triumf a spád se reflexivně opakují v různých technologických oblastech na základě narativní konstrukce ze strany aktérů - jsou diskurzivními formacemi. Aktéři těchto diskurzů vybírají vhodné paralely ze dvou metaforických částí, mýtu i technologie, aby vyhovovaly reprezentacím adekvátním smyslu jejich ideologie. Skupinovým vyjádřením těchto ideologií vznikají i tzv. prométheovská společenství. Diskurzivně tvárný, prométheovský mýtus bez místních a časových omezení ožívá i v 21.století. Metafora je součástí...
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