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Possibilities of reprocessing of the glycol and glycerol waste into suitable materials
Hýža, Bohumil ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
At the beginning of the thesis is summarized biodiesel production and its world production. There is more developed biodiesel production in the Czech Republic and in the European Union and some European legal regulations and standards for biodiesel. Also described herein is a composition of biodiesel and the description of the technology of its production. In the theoretical section summarizes the physical and chemical properties of glycerol and there is also summarized the traditional use of glycerol as food, explosives, etc. There are also new procedures that were performed in the experimental part of the thesis. Then, here are the proposed new procedures for processing waste glycerol and glycol, which were conducted in the experimental part of the thesis. There are described the ion exchange properties of the cation exchangers and also properties of salts generated by neutralization of NaOH in the waste glycerol with organic acids and CO2. There is also described wood protection, properties of ethylene glycol as coolant and properties of boroglycerols and boroglycols as protection for wood and mechanism of their preparation. Then there is described a mechanism of dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and options which can perform the synthesis. In the experimental part, the pH of waste glycerol was measured and then was measured the amount of NaOH in the waste glycerol. There is also desribed cleaning of waste glycerol from NaOH using acidic cation exchange resins on columns, or by neutralization with oleic acid, lactic acid and CO2. Further syntheses were performed glycerol borate and ethylene glycol borate. Water amount in ethylene glycol and methanol with water amount in glycerol were found by distillation. Then were prepared boroglycol and boroglycerol. By the amount resulting from the amount of reaction water were observed reaction conditions H3BO3, Na2B4O7•10 H2O and glycerol. At the end was carried out experimental dilution resulting boroglycerol and boroglycol by ethanol, methanol, TMB. Finally, the diluted boroglycerol was deposited on wood. Dehydration of glycerol to acrolein under the catalytic action of KHSO4 was performed. The results are given all the results and discussed the possibility of using the knowledge gained in this work in the industry. In conclusion, there are listed the economic comparison using waste glycerol and crude oil as a raw material and also charts the development of oil prices in 40 years since 1970, and graph of the price of waste glycerol. There is also discussed technological applicability of the methods used in practice.
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Possibilities of reprocessing of the glycol and glycerol waste into suitable materials
Hýža, Bohumil ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
At the beginning of the thesis is summarized biodiesel production and its world production. There is more developed biodiesel production in the Czech Republic and in the European Union and some European legal regulations and standards for biodiesel. Also described herein is a composition of biodiesel and the description of the technology of its production. In the theoretical section summarizes the physical and chemical properties of glycerol and there is also summarized the traditional use of glycerol as food, explosives, etc. There are also new procedures that were performed in the experimental part of the thesis. Then, here are the proposed new procedures for processing waste glycerol and glycol, which were conducted in the experimental part of the thesis. There are described the ion exchange properties of the cation exchangers and also properties of salts generated by neutralization of NaOH in the waste glycerol with organic acids and CO2. There is also described wood protection, properties of ethylene glycol as coolant and properties of boroglycerols and boroglycols as protection for wood and mechanism of their preparation. Then there is described a mechanism of dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and options which can perform the synthesis. In the experimental part, the pH of waste glycerol was measured and then was measured the amount of NaOH in the waste glycerol. There is also desribed cleaning of waste glycerol from NaOH using acidic cation exchange resins on columns, or by neutralization with oleic acid, lactic acid and CO2. Further syntheses were performed glycerol borate and ethylene glycol borate. Water amount in ethylene glycol and methanol with water amount in glycerol were found by distillation. Then were prepared boroglycol and boroglycerol. By the amount resulting from the amount of reaction water were observed reaction conditions H3BO3, Na2B4O7•10 H2O and glycerol. At the end was carried out experimental dilution resulting boroglycerol and boroglycol by ethanol, methanol, TMB. Finally, the diluted boroglycerol was deposited on wood. Dehydration of glycerol to acrolein under the catalytic action of KHSO4 was performed. The results are given all the results and discussed the possibility of using the knowledge gained in this work in the industry. In conclusion, there are listed the economic comparison using waste glycerol and crude oil as a raw material and also charts the development of oil prices in 40 years since 1970, and graph of the price of waste glycerol. There is also discussed technological applicability of the methods used in practice.
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Possibilities of reprocessing of glycerol layer from the manufacture of bionaphta
Hýža, Bohumil ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to introduce and apply the possibilities of using waste glycerol from biodiesel production and partly waste low-stiffen coolant from cars that could be applied in industry. At the beginning of the thesis is summarized biodiesel production and its world production. There is more developed biodiesel production in the Czech Republic and in the European Union and some European legal regulations and standards for biodiesel. Also described herein is a composition of biodiesel and the description of the technology of its production. In the theoretical section summarizes the physical and chemical properties of glycerol and there is also summarized the traditional use of glycerol as food, explosives, etc. There are also new procedures that were performed in the experimental part of the thesis. There are described the ion exchange mechanism, ion exchange resin properties and the properties of the acids and salts generated by neutralization with NaOH contained in the waste glycerol. Also is described herein the wood protection and properties of ethylene glycol coolants and properties of boroglycerol and boroglycol as protection for wood and mechanism of their preparation. Next is described the mechanism of dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and options which can perform the synthesis. In the experimental part, the pH of waste glycerol was measured, then was measured the exact amount of NaOH in the glycerol. There is also desribed cleaning of waste glycerol from NaOH using acidic cation exchange resins on columns, or by neutralization with oleic acid, lactic acid and CO2. Further syntheses were performed glycerol borate and ethylene glycol borate. Water amount in ethylene glycol and methanol with water amount in glycerol were found by distillation. Then were prepared boroglycol and boroglycerol. By the amount resulting from the amount of reaction water were observed reaction conditions H3BO3, Na2B4O7•10 H2O and glycerol. At the end was carried out experimental dilution resulting boroglycerol and boroglycol by ethanol, methanol, TMB. Finally, the diluted boroglycerol was deposited on wood. Dehydration of glycerol to acrolein under the catalytic action of KHSO4 was performed. The results are given all the results and discussed the possibility of using the knowledge gained in this work in the industry. In conclusion, there are listed the economic comparison using waste glycerol and crude oil as a raw material and also charts the development of oil prices in 40 years since 1970, and graph of the price of waste glycerol.
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Waste management system of the EXCALIBUR ARMY company, branch Šternberk
Hřivnová, Pavla ; Charvátová,, Michaela (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
Thesis is focused on the issue of waste production, collection and management in Excalibur Army, s.r.o company, at the facility in Šternberk. I have used registration and operative data acquired directly in cooperation with the service ecologist. I described the process of waste management at the facility, since its creation until its application as a secondary raw material or its transfer to the authorized personnel for its disposal either to deposition in land-fill or its combustion in the incinerator. In my conclusion, I suggest several operational, but also administrative, precautions for overall improvement of waste management in the company.
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Optimization of waste management system in pharmaceutical company
Krystýnová, Hana ; Charvátová,, Michaela (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
The diploma thesis with the title Optimization of waste management system in pharmaceutical company first deal with basic concepts and requirements for originator of waste form the point of waste origin. The analysis of waste management of pharmaceutical company that manufactures generic drugs follows. Another aim of diploma thesis is suggested the possibilities how to optimize already existing waste management regard to environmental protection.
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Possibilities osf hydrogen storage for its utilization in transport
Marek, Jiří ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
The thesis focuses on a topical issue: formation of new energy system based on hydrogen, also known as Hydrogen economy, with detailed focus on the possibilities of hydrogen storage, as one of the main drawbacks of this concept. The thesis presents four main areas of today's research (metal and chemical hydrides, high-porosity materials and physical storage). Each of the possibilities is presented in relation to the current state of technology, research and development. The author of the thesis attempts to provide an overview of current trends and possible development of each of the materials. All in all, the thesis provides a complete overview of the current state of technology, trends in research and also a broader socio economic context of the researched topic.
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Car wrecks from the view of economy, technical treatment and environmental point of view
Nováková, Tereza ; Charvátová,, Michaela (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis is focused on treatment of car wrecks in terms of economy, material recovery and environment. The thesis is only theoretical and the information are supported by various sources. The thesis defines waste, car wreck and selected carwreck as legal concepts. It delas with legislative measures in car wreck treatment both in the Czech republic and in European Union. The thesis maps current trends of development in composition of vehicles in the Czech republic compared to global scale. The thesis describes material composition of car wrecks and the managment proces. Further states the most common ways how to dismantle the ELVs, methods of recycling and the overview of the latest findings in the area of reuse of waste generated during processing of car wrecks. The thesis handle with car wreck not only as a whole but also the processing of individul parts. In a separate chapter are described processing plants and collection points for ELVs. It also contains necessary information to log out ELV from central register. The last chapter deals witf the scrap.
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PCBs as significant dangerous chemical waste
Sigetová, Martina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the problems of polychlorinated biphenyls. In the introduction there are written the basic physical and chemical properties, production and PCB influence onto the constituent elements of the environment. In the next part the thesis occupies the analyse of present state of PCB and valid legislation in SK in the field of working with this material.
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Possibilities of waste glycerol reprocessing
Hýža, Bohumil ; Friedl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to describe the possibilities of waste glycerol reprocessing. The thesis is purely theoretical and the information were obtained from various literary sources. Introduction of the study deals with the technological aspects of production of biodiesel by esterification of vegetable oils with methanol. Futhermore, there is described the amount of biodiesel produced in various countries around the world. In the theoretical part of the study are mentioned physical and chemical properties of glycerol and its traditional uses include the manufacture of nitroglycerin, the pharmaceutical use, etc. There are presented different technological methods for processing large quantities of glycerol too, such as steam reforming, which generates syngas which can be used for production of liquid fuels via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. There is also desribed reduction of glycerol to propylene glycol with hydrogen. Other methods are dehydroxylation of glycerol to 1,3 - propanediol, halogenation of glycerol to produce epichlorohydrin, the catalytic dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and 3-hydroxy-propionic aldehyde, oxydehydration to polyacrylic acid, glycerol butylation over the Amberlyst catalyst and the formation of glycerol-tert-butyl ethers used as additives for fuels , polymerization of glycerol to polyglycerols, glycerol hydrothermal conversion to lactic acid catalyzed by alkali, esterification of carboxylic acids and glycerol to form glycerol esters, selective oxidation of glycerol to glyceric acid, tartronic acid and dihydroxyacetone, and glycerol as an additive for cement.
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