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Land cover and landscape structure change due to urban sprawl on the outskirts of Prague
Keprta, Antonín ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
(Sub)urbanization significantly change the character of the landscape in the suburbs. Moving population and economic activities in the hinterland of cities initiates changes of land cover and landscape structure. The landscape becomes more fragmented mainly due to transport infrastructure that binds to the construction of new commercial and residential areas. Characterizing landscape structure is possible using landscape metrics. For the analysis of Prague hinterland was selected 7 landscape metrics (percentage of land cover categories, number of patches, mean patch size, mean shape index, total edge, mean distance to the nearest neighbour and DIVISION index). Metrics were selected based on the research of world literature dealing with the phenomenon of urban sprawl. The aim was to select appropriate metrics describing landscape composition and landscape configuration, but at the same time with clear interpretation. The results suggest that significant changes in the landscape structure occured during period of 55 yaers, in the Prague suburb. Most new buildings, whether residential or commercial, were built especially on former agricultural land. There is obviously lack of protection from the urban sprawl. Keywords: (sub)urbanization, urban sprawl, landscape structure, land cover, landscape metrics
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Impact of urban sprawl on the environment and analysis of soil sealing along the D5 highway
Keprta, Antonín ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Sub/urbanization is one of the major factors affecting the environment. Moving population and economic activities to suburb isn't always an idyllic process, but often brings many difficulties. Impacts on the natural environment are often enormous. Degradation of air quality and water quality, soil sealing and soil degradation etc. are just some of the impacts of urban sprawl on the environment. Among others include homogenization of biota, landscape fragmentation, introduction of alien species, or light and noise pollution. Pressure on the agricultural land is made by large appropriation of land and through impervious surfaces. The study evaluates the appropriation of land along the D5 highway with areas of commercial sub/urbanization. Traffic routes through the perfect time availability are the places with the greatest concentration of commercial areas today. The study showed that new commercial areas are built on the most fertile soils. Therefore the question is whether the protection of soils in the Czech Republic is sufficient. Unfinished and often missing plans of territory make often the situation even worse. Keywords: sub/urbanization, urban sprawl, pollution, soil sealing, soil protection
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