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Factors determining species diversity and species composition of abandoned fields
Procházka, Tomáš ; Karlík, Petr (referee) ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor)
6 Abstract Factors determining plant species composition and species diversity of former fields in Slavkovský les The secondary succesion is relatively thoroughly examined phenomenon, but quite little is known about wet secondary grasslands developed on the former farmland. There is a large number of abandoned fields in the Slavkovský les protected landscape area, western Bohemia, which occuring on mesic to wet soil. For this study an area surrounding Ovesné Kladruby hamlet was chosen. The aim of this thesis is to explore, which plant species can occur on the former fields and how the species composition and species diversity is effected by environmental and historical factors, such as soil properties, distance from an old grassland and the age of the field. I made 190 phytosociological relevés and noted 215 species of vascular plants. Some rare species were also present, e.g. an orchid Dactylorhiza majalis and state protected species Triglochin palustre. Species composition data were explored using multivariate analyses and species diversity data using linear regression. Species composition was effected mainly by soil properties. The effect of soil nitrogen and phosphorus content was the strongest one. Soil nitrogen content was positively correlated with soil moisture and on such localities mainly wetland...
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Morphometric analyse of Vinca minor populations in the CZU university collection
Závorková, Hana ; Karlík, Petr (advisor) ; Černý, Tomáš (referee)
Lesser periwinkle (Vinca minor) is pretty common, perennial and woody plant, for centuries disseminated for her aesthetic and medicinal use. The aim of this thesis is to try to identify, if individual subjects disseminated throughout the Czech Republic may come from one or more sources or clones. It was collected a total of 135 individuals throughout the Czech Republic, and these individuals were grown for several years in uniform climatic conditions in campus of the Czech Agricultural University in Prague. For these plants were then performed a morphological measurements and statistical evaluation was performed by programs Statistica12 and Canoco5. From data obtained this way was revealed that the morphological features of individual plants are dependent on the type of site, and therefore it is clear that individuals grown on historically verifiable sites probably originate from one or several clones. Another aim of this work is to determine whether the periwinkle occurring in the Czech Republic differ in their morphological and physiological characteristics such as stem length, length and width of leaf, petiole length, number of nodes on the flowering stem and the ratio length / width of the leaf. The results implies the fact that individuals differ in morphological features depending on the location of their occurrence, such as parks, churches, cemeteries and forests. The results further shows to us that location no. 2 differs significantly from the other locations in the length of the stem, leaf length, number of nodes and in the ratio length / width of the leaf. This is confirmed by the results of the program as Statistica12 and the results of the program Canoco5.
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Floristic survey of the surroundings of the abandoned village Malonin (Prachatice region)
Kadlec, Jakub ; Karlík, Petr (advisor) ; Ulbrichová, Iva (referee)
Abandoned villages and belonging landscape structures are significant due to high biodiversity. The former village Malonín in the Prachatice region is an example of medieval settlement with well-preserved landscape structures, therefore multidisciplinary research is focused on understanding the origin and development of its specific long-strip field patterns. As a part of this research, floristic survey was being carried out during the period 11. 4. 2015 to 14. 9. 2015 in the 5,25 km2 defined study area. The survey was aimed at plant indicator species, vulnerable and endangered species or rarities concerning the
phytogeographical aspect. Within 7 visits, 70 findings of 18 plant species were recorded. Every finding was mapped using the ArcGIS software and described including ecological
requirements, former land-use categories and forest typology. As well, the findings were interpreted if possible. Additionally, distance between each finding and the abandoned village, the nearest existing village and the nearest stream was measured and the results were displayed using box plots. Relation between these distances and Ellenberg indicator values was tested statistically. Certain species indicate former settlement (Vinca minor,
Syringa vulgaris), some species take the advantage of specific man-made biotopes e.g. Corydalis cava. The majority of recorded species is listed in the Red List of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. The results confirm the uniqueness of abandoned settlements and the worthiness of studying and preserving its heritage.
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Botanical survey of the nature reserve Rolavská vrchoviště
Baroch, Patrik ; Karlík, Petr (advisor) ; Andrea, Andrea (referee)
The mountain raised bog Velký močál spreads out on the area of approx. 50 hectares in the cadastral territory of the former municipality of Sauersack (Rolava) in the altitude of 930 meters above sea level near the town of Přebuz in the Ore Mountains. Since 1969 the raised bog Velký močál was an independent State, later National nature reserve (abbreviated in Czech: NPR). Since 2012 it has been part of the NPR Rolavská vrchoviště, situated on the area of about 750 hectares.
The work aimed to take up the botanical researches from previous years and to compare theme with the current situation. When a botanical inventorying during one vegetation season was carried out, the total of 37 taxons of vascular plants and 37 taxons of bryophytes were recorded. A presence and further dissemination of Rhynchospora alba as mentioned in the Additamenta ad floram Reipublicae Bohemicae (Additions to the flora of the Czech Republic) XII / 2014 already by Mgr. Melichar was confirmed. It was found out that the fertile population of Scheuchzeria palustris had spread to the western part of the territory and surrounding hollows. In the southern and western part of the bog there was a new occurrence of Juncus conglomeratus and Sphagnum subnitens recorded. The Sphagnum subnitens shows of the eutrophication of peripheral areas of bog.
Furthermore, a long term vegetation dynamics of the territory was studied, specifically changes in the area of individual partial biotopes which were interpreted on historical aerial shots dated 1953, 2000 and 2013. In the ArcGIS program there were vegetation maps designed and those were subsequently analyzed. The analysis showed long term changes in the vegetation cover. It demonstrated succession of Picea abies and of Pinus x pseudopumilio in progress. As a result, the open area of the raised bog has been decreasing. This transformation can have a fatal impact the current bog vegetation, particularly on the fertile and growing populations of Scheuchzeria palustris and Rhynchospora alba. They prove continuous drying out of the raised bog. The main cause may be global climate changes and hereby altered Precipitation totals of the Czech Republic, which has a significant influence on the hydrology of this ombrotrophic raised bog. These phenomena need to be explored in more details.
For the found negative impacts which can be observed on the development of natural conditions of the raised bog measurement which aim to eliminate them or at least to minimize them were proposed.
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Floristic and plant ecological characteristic of Vinca minor in the Bohemia, Czech Republic
Vaníček, Jiří ; Karlík, Petr (advisor) ; Jurasová, Vladimíra (referee)
Questions: Are the forest stands with occurance of Vinca minor different from similar surrounding vegetation? What is the effect of presence of V. minor on species composition and species richness? What is the influence of former settlement on species composition and content of metals in soil?
Lokation: Central Bohemia (Czech Republic)
Methods: Forest vegetation with occurence of V. minor and similar surounding vegetation was sampled in 17 lokalities in Central Bohemia usig 200 m2 relevés. For each site including 3 relevés soil pH and soil content of metals were measured. Totaly 111 relevés were recorded. 57 of them with occurence of V. minor were classified using TWINSPAN classification. Recorded ecological variables were tested using canonical corespondence analysis (CCA).
Results: The cover of V. minor is positively corelated with soil pH value (p=0,005). There were no significant differences between stands with and without V. minor. The Ellenberg indicator values for moisture and nutrients were higher at places settled in the past. Most of the well-preserved stands with V. minor were in mesic oak-hornbeam forests (all. Carpinion-betuli). Conclusion: The V. minor seems to be a good indicator of former settlement. It grows mostly in places where it was planted in the past and it colonizes new sites either slowly or not at all.
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Wetlands of the Brdy Mts.
Hyklová, Jana ; Karlík, Petr (advisor) ; Hana, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines especially peat wetlands located on the territory of Brdy and Podbrdsko. Specifically, it looks into ten locations that were in various degrees affected by anthropogenic effect. The purpose is to identify historical and current status of these biotopes, to deduce the nature of past changes, identify the causing factors and then propose appropriate protection solutions. Attention is also paid to the newly created protected landscape area of Brdy and extreme drought in 2015. Depth of the humolit, hydrological conditions and diversity of species were all monitored at the locations and the vegetation cover was briefly characterized. Mining, which often led to the degradation, took place in all the monitored areas in the past. The best preserved Brdy´s peat with bank of Pilska's reservoir. The territorially largest peat bog with the highest measured depth of humolit is located on the eastern littoral of Horní padrťský pond. Both of these areas have absolute protection priority. If the landscape will not face any unexpected changes, it can be with appropriate chosen management assumed sustainable state in the following locations: Dolní Padrťský pond, Tok and the pond Tisý. The wetlands are known to be formed over hundreds of years therefore it is our aim to keep these endangered biotopes preserved for the future.
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Bucket elevator
Karlík, Petr ; Malášek, Jiří (referee) ; Jonák, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the functional design of the bucket elevator for the vertical transport of coke. The research section contains a brief introduction to the bucket elevator problematics. Other sections deal with the functional analysis comprising gravity discharge control. Engineering design of elevator's components is further focused mainly on the drive shaft control. To this thesis are attached appropriate drawings.
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Technological and economical aspects of production of fytomas pellets for burning
KARLÍK, Petr
The main aim of this thesis is to evaluate the production of pellets from phytomass form combustion from the technological point of view. The work introduces pellets as a renewable source with regard to the environmental protection and the advantages and disadvantages of their usage. Pellets are fuel made out from biomass. As a specific example studied in this work is the evaluation of production in pelletizing line in Březnice, Příbram. There is also evaluated the economical point of production of pellets, comparison of market price and the cost of production, the cost of technology, raw materials and other related investments. Technologies and manufactured materials are then compared with other types of pellets production.
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