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Ellagitannins -occurence, metabolism and effects on human body
Raabová, Karin ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY PHARMACEUTICAL FACULTY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY AND ECOLOGY Title of the Diploma thesis: ELLAGITANNINS - OCCURENCE, METABOLISM AND EFFECTS ON HUMAN BODY Candidate: Bc. Karin Raabová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Diploma thesis 2016/2017, pp. 77 Ellagitannins belongs to a class of hydrolysable tannins, which are susceptible to hydrolysis to give ellagic acid in the digestive tract. Ellagitannins occur in many plant families, for example plants in the family Rosaceae, Myrtaceae or Lythraceae. There are naturally found in some fruits (pomegranate, strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, grapes), but also in the seeds of walnuts and thus form a diverse group of bioactive polyphenols with anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Special instrumental methods (HPLC, DAD, MS) are most often used for subsequent evidence of occurrence of these compounds in plants and their identification. This diploma thesis is a literature review, which aimed at processing the available knowledge about the ellagitannins. Attention was focused on the biological activity demonstrated in an animal or human organism. Keywords: ellagitannins, occurrence, metabolism, effects, human body
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Evaluation of natural substances using in vivo tests with Artemia salina
Ježková, Vendula ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
1 Abstract Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Author: Vendula Ježková Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of natural substances using in vivo tests with Artemia salina Biological activity evaluation of substances is important because of toxic effect's assessment on chemical and physiological functions of organisms and their parts. For acute toxicity evaluation was used crustacean Artemia salina in this study. They were tested aqueouses extracts isolated from various plant drugs of Salviae folium, Apii semen, Coptidis rhizoma, Evodiae fructus, Zanthoxyli radix and Ziziphi fructus and two isolated alkaloids galanthamine and huperzine A. For each extract and alkaloid was calculated value of lethal concentration LC50. Results of this study showned, that the extract of Coptis chinensis, LC50 = 0,134 ± 0,004 mg/ml, had most toxic effects. Further the extract's toxicity decreased in the order Ziziphus jujuba, LC50 = 0,817 ± 0,165 mg/m > Zanthoxylum nitidum, LC50 = 1,154 ± 0,015 mg/ml > Salvia officinalis, LC50 = 2,074 ±0,462 mg/ml > Evodia rutaecarpa, LC50 = 2,166 ± 0,244 mg/ml > Apium graveolens, LC50 = 4,041 ± 0,108 mg/ml. Tested alkaloids don't demonstrated any toxicity activity in determinated...
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Interaction of phenylpropionic acids with copper
Zemanová, Kamila ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Matysová, Ludmila (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Kamila Zemanová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Interaction of phenylpropionic acids with copper Copper is an essential trace element which is essential for our body. It has a significant effect on the correct functioning of important organs and it plays an important role in the transfer of electrons at the major enzymatic pathways as a prostetic group. On the other hand, excess or deficiency of copper in the human body can cause many diseases. Phenylpropionic acids are group of substances which can have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. They are involved in the scavenging of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. In this diploma thesis, I tested copper chelating activity of six phenylpropionic acids at different pHs by spectrofotometric methods using a hematoxylin and a bathocuproinedisulfonic acid disodium salt as an indicator. 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid showed the highest chelating potential but only using a hematoxylin. KEYWORDS: Copper, Phenylpropionic acids, Antioxidants, Chelating activity, Hematoxylin, Bathocuproin
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Effect of anthelmintics on plant proteome
Kadlecová, Barbora ; Szotáková, Barbora (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Barbora Kadlecová Supervisor: prof. Ing. Barbora Szotáková, Ph.D. Consultant: RNDr. Radka Podlipná, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of anthelmintics on plant proteome Anthelmintics are pharmaceuticals used in human and veterinary medicine for the treatment of infections caused by helminths. Although their benefits for treated organisms are undeniable, the impact on the ecosystem in general has not yet been thoroughly studied. Anthelmintics and their metabolites can reach the environment through different routes. Directly via an excretion into the faeces and urine of treated livestock animals or indirectly by an application of contaminated manure to soil or its seepage into surface water or groundwater. This exposure has significant and diverse impacts on non-target terrestrial or aquatic organisms and plants. Plants are able to uptake xenobiotics and detoxify them via various metabolic pathways. Phytoremediation as a method that utilizes plants for removing pollutants from environment is based on these pathways and can be effectively used for areas contaminated with anthelmintics. The aim of this study was to obtain further information about changes in the proteome of model plant Arabidopsis...
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Copper reducing effects of quercetin metabolites
Mísař, Jakub ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Říha, Michal (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Jakub Mísař Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Copper reducing effects of quercetin metabolites Copper is an essential trace element in particular due to its ability to easily convert between both redox forms: oxidized (Cu2+ ) and reduced (Cu+ ). Flavonoids are common components of the human diet and they can have positive influence on human health. They are converted into small phenolic acids during digestion by specific bacteria in the colon. Although effects of flavonoids have been extensively studied, the same is not true for their metabolites- phenolic acids. In this in vitro study, eight phenolic acids, which are known metabolites of commonly used flavonoid quercetin, were analyzed for their copper reducing activity at four (patho)physiologically relevant pHs. Simple spectrophotometric method based on an indicator bathocuproinedisulfonic acid disodium salt was used for the assessment reduction of copper ions. The degree of cupric reduction differed among tested compounds. All o- dihydroxycompounds were the most active and achieved 100% of cupric ion reduction in low compound to copper ratio. In conclusion, based on this study, it appears that...
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Environmental risk of nanoparticles
Píchová, Magdalena ; Szotáková, Barbora (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
CharlesUniversity in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Magdalena Píchová Supervisor: Doc. Ing. Barbora Szotáková, Ph.D. Consultant: RNDr. Radka Podlipná, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Environmental risk of nanoparticles The goal of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the influence of various heavy metal oxides in the form of nanoparticles on plants. There were four elements examined: copper, iron, manganese and zinc. For the comparison the ordinary form of the oxide, soluble salt (sulphate) and plants growing on the medium were used. The research was conducted using white mustard (Leucosinapis alba L.) seeds test, which evaluate length of the primary root after three days of germination. Another method was measurement of the heavy metal concentration in the dry tissue using mineralisation and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Metal concentration in the dry tissue was measured also in sedges cultivated in vitro in little boxes for 1 and 2 weeks. CuO nanoparticles (100 mg/l) were examined in detail using False Fox-sedge (Carex Otrubae Podp.). Evaluated markers were: the content of photosynthetic pigments (spectrophotometric), the content of proline (reaction with ninhydrin), peroxidase activity (using guajacol), catalase activity (using hydrogen...
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Elicitation of bioactive compounds production in in vitro cultures of Panax ginseng
Syslová, Eliška ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Eliška Syslová Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph.D. Thesis title: Elicitation of bioactive compounds production in in vitro cultures of Panax ginseng This diploma thesis is focused on the study of affecting the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and is focused on increasing the production of biologically active polyacetylenes and ginsenosides in in vitro root cultures by various elicitors. The effect of the concentration of elicitors and growth regulators on the production of root biomass and secondary metabolites was researched. The carriers of the main pharmacological actions of Panax ginseng are ginsenosides and polyacetylenes. The root cultures were cultivated in the liquid medium in the dark at 24 ± 1řC. During the 27 day the sterile elicitation was done and a week later it was harvested. The samples were processed according to the optimized procedure, separately for UPLC analysis of ginsenosides and UPLC analysis of polyacetylenes as well. The presence of individual elicitors influenced the growth of biomass and the amount of ginsenosides and polyacetylenes in the samples.
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Metabolism of isoflavonoids in human organism
Šramarová, Pavlína ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Bc. Pavlína Šramarová Diploma thesis supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of thesis 2015/2016: Metabolism of isoflavonoids in human organism, pp. 54 Isoflavonoids are subgroup of flavonoids, belonging to the phytoestrogenic compounds. These compounds occur especially in leguminous, mainly in soya (Glycine max (L.) Merr). They have a positive impact on human health, especially for its estrogenic effects, due to which are applied in the fight against osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis and for moderation of menopausal symptoms. Furthermore they exhibit antibacterial activity and protect cells against damage of DNA. This thesis deals with their metabolism and action in human and animal organism, also with the influence of intestinal microflora to transform these isoflavonoids into metabolites, as well as the effects of these metabolites. There are also mentioned these isoflavonoids: daidzein, genistein, biochanin A, formononetin, calycosin, prunetin, puerarin, cladrin, tectorigenin and kakkalid. Key words: isoflavonoids, metabolism, human organism
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Iron-chelating effects of flavonoid metabolites - small polyphenolic substances
Vavřichová, Nikol ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical botanic and ekology Candidate: Nikol Vavřichová Supervisor: Ing. Kateřina Macáková Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Iron - chelating effects of flavonoid metabolites - small polyphenolic substances (2015/2016) Iron is a trace element which is necessary for function of an organism. There is no specific excretion mechanism for iron, therefore any deflection causes deficiency or abundance. Iron abundance leads to hemochromatosis. An application of iron chelators is a treatment of choice for hemochromatosis. There are three clinically used chelators for treatment of iron overload: deferoxamine, deferasirox and deferiprone. These drugs are inappropriate for therapy (side effects, dosage form). Therefore there is a place for serching for new types of medicine for treatment of hemochromatosis. Flavonoids are natural substances with positive influence on a human organism. The most investigated effects are antioxidant and chelating activity. As flavonoids are metabolised in a human body, there is an arising question if flavonoid metabolites are also able to chelate iron ions. For this work we chose derivates of benzoic acid: benzoic acid, 3 - hydroxybenzoic acid, 4 - hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4 - dihydroxybenzoic...
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Antioxidants of natural origin influencing metabolic syndrome
Dlabajová, Denisa ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Dlabajová D., Antioxidants of natural origin influencing metabolic syndrome, Diploma thesis 2015/2016, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, pp. 61. Large amounts of substances are extracted from plants found all over the world that show antioxidant activity, which prohibits the formation of free radicals. This activity could be beneficial in preventing and curing risk factors of metabolic syndrome. The selection of plants with this effect is shown in my diploma thesis (for example Salvia limbata, Lupinus luteus, Rosmarinus officinalis, Pueraria lobata etc.), which is divided into plant extracts, culinary plants and substances with significant antioxidant activity. Keywords: plants, antioxidants, metabolic syndrome
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