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The Finds of Mollusc Shells From the Lumbe Garden in Light of the Conchological Analysis
Oravec, Jan ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Juřičková, Lucie (referee)
The submitted thesis focuses on the analysis of conchological finds from archaeological layers in the Lumbe Garden situated on the north forecourt of Prague Castle (Prague, Czech Republic). The collection of the conchological finds was discovered during archaeological research realized in the years 2018 and 2019. The first part of this text describes the historical development and the effect of the usage of conchological methods in archaeology, taking into account the results of some other research. The following description of the garden area formation helps to understand the fundamental features of this area, where the geological subsoil allowed the conservation of this large collection of malacological finds. The core of this study is the analysis of conchological material. Together with the description of used methods, all detected taxa of molluscs are identified and described. Four species of common freshwater and terrestrial gastropods, four taxa of routine freshwater bivalves and two genera of marine molluscs were identified. Further, their presence in archaeological layers is explained and discussed, with support of other conchological analysis. The limited number of the detected mollusc species contributed to the knowledge about the area under investigation where natural conditions...
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Western Carpathians as diversity hotspot during the Quaternary climatic cycle
Kubíková, Kateřina ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Horáček, Ivan (referee)
In the context of the entire Europe, the Western Carpathians is a unique area of priceless biological significance. Topological complexity, together with significant climatic and edaphic variability, is reflected in the high habitat heterogeneity and has enabled the survival of a large number of species in this area during the Quaternary climatic cycle. The Western Carpathians thus represents one of the most important glacial as well as interglacial refugium in Europe. The result of these environmental variables and the unique history of this region is an enormous species diversity, a high degree of endemism and the occurrence of many glacial relics. This bachelor's thesis contains a review of mainly zoological studies dealing with high biodiversity and degree of endemism in the Western Carpathians and its possible causes. The role of the Western Carpathians as an important Pleistocene refugium, its influence on other parts of Europe and the postglacial development of the area are discussed in individual chapters.
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Holocene development of European open landscape based on mollusc succession.
Nádvorníková, Lenka ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Rozkošná Knitlová, Markéta (referee)
Steppe was the most significant biome of glacial periods, but after deglaciation, very hostile condition to maintain the steppe came up. As the youngest interglacial, Holocene is the first epoch in which human influence on nature can be observed. This is evidenced by mollusc successions from previous interglacials, in which climatic optimum provide records of fully developed forest communities, in the same site, where mosaic of open habitats and forests occur in Holocene successions. It can therefore be assumed that the Holocene development of the landscape has been affected by man, which enabled continual occurence of open habitats. Key words: steppe, molluscs, Holocene, Europe, fossils
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Short-term successions of mollusc assemblages of natural and anthropogenic habitats
Berková, Kateřina ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Drvotová, Magda (referee)
This work compares the succession of mollusc communities of natural and anthropic habitats. It summarizes how mollusc assemblages of natural habitats change over time, if they are stable over time, and to what extent the natural succession of mollusc communities are affected by man. Mollusc communities of different habitats are subject of constant change. The mollusc succession of natural habitats was usually studied in deciduous forests. It leads to species-rich assemblages that do not change much in the short time-scale. The succession has also been studied at anthropic habitats such as quarries, urban habitats and castle ruins, where some species characteristic of particular habitat types or successive stages were identified. Key words: molluscs, succession, climax, disturbance, malacofauna
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Possibilities of land snail endodispersion via bird gut
Simonová, Jasna ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Krištín, Anton (referee)
English abstract Passive dispersal is a fundamental mode of land snail dispersal as their ability of active dispersal is very limited. Birds are considered to be important vectors of snail dispersal for a long time. Snails can be dispersed both attached on a bird externally (ectozoochory) or being swallowed by bird and then expelled alive (endozoochory). The possibility of endoozoochory has been proved only for few species of land snails. The aim of this thesis was to test whether endozoochory is possible for more combinations of snail and bird species. Snails were offered to birds in laboratory conditions and to those kept in animal rescue stations. Then faeces and regurgitated food were collected and searched for snail shells. Viability of undamaged shells was examined. Out of 4519 snails of 15 species offered, 62 % were consumed by birds and 240 individuals (5.3 % of those offered) were found in faeces undamaged. The total of 27 individuals of four species (Clausiliidae: Alinda biplicata; Chondrinidae: Chondrina avenacea; Vertiginidae: Vertigo antivertigo, V. pygmaea) were found alive. Some birds also regurgitated consumed snails. The total of 121 individuals (2.7 % of consumed) of four species were regurgitated undamaged. The number of 35 snails of all four regurgitated species (Chondrinidae: Chondrina...
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Phylogeny and ecology of family Planorbidae
Běláčová, Kateřina ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Lorencová, Erika (referee)
Phylogenetics is a sub-discipline of biology which focuses on classification of organisms based on their evolutionary development. Morphological and anatomical features have been traditionally used in reconstruction of phylogeny but with the onset of modern technology their role has been partly taken up by molecular analysis. Family Planorbidae is a very diverse group that includes species with very different morphology. This work aims to provide an overview of the phylogeny within Planorbidae family and discuss the importance of the individual features used in determination based on the results of the published studies.
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The influence of morphological and microstructural characteristics to land snail degradation in forest environment
Říhová, Dagmar ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Bogusch, Petr (referee) ; Čejka, Tomáš (referee)
The decomposition of land snail shell is a complex process involving a number of factors and influences, including the characteristics of conchs themselves. In particular, it is the shell size with which the progress and the rate of degradation are tightly bound. Post-mortem changes begin with the loss of the original colour and, in the case of transparent species, by the opacification of the shell wall. Subsequently, the periostracum disruption and dissolution of calcium layers occur. However, this sequence may be reversed for some small species (e.g. Columella aspera, Nesovitrea hammonis). Animals mechanically destroy empty shells, humic acids from the substrate cause their artificial dyeing. Fungal mycelium or colonies of Streptomyces grow on the surface of the conchs. The plant roots are also involved in shell decomposition. While degradation of large shells starts with periostracum disruption and subsequent ostracal dissolution, periostracum of small shells persists even after dissolution of ostracal layers. The phenomenon is caused by high resistance of the periostraca of small species. In the case of large shells, periostracum has primarily a "building" function during shell formation, and sometimes it is flaking off already during the snail's life. For small species, it is an important part...
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Phylogenetic and ecological impact to the microstructures of mollusc shells
Nedvědová, Jana ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Simon, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes the available information on microstructures of mollusc shells. The aim was to provide an overview of the different types of microstructures for specific specimens from different environments, as well as to obtain as much information as possible about the ecology of these animals. The first part summarizes the basic information on the shell formation. The following chapter summarizes known microstructure types of mollusc shells. Microstructures of molluscs living in terrestric, freshwater and marine environment are discussed. The influence of temperature changes on the shell microstructure of V. viviparus, the occurrence of vaterit within C. fluminea shells, the extreme environment of hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, as well as extreme temperatures on rocky shores, have been mentioned in more detail. The microstructures of related molluscs are compared with regard to ecology to determine whether the occurrence of microstructures in a particular group is given by the phylogeny of these animals, or if the changes in microstructures can be affected by different ecology. Key words: microstructures, molluscs shells, impact of phylogeny, impact of ecology, calcium carbonate, Mollusca, gastropods, bivalves
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Quaternary molluscs of Blanský les
Menšík, Jakub ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pokorný, Petr (referee)
Rich mollusc assemblages preserved in two profiles of fossiliferous sediment in the Blanský les area, provided the evidence about the Late Glacial and Holocene in this region, which is one of the most faunistically known areas of Central Europe. Findings of Quaternary faunas are very rare in Southern Bohemia, so these two soil profiles near Český Krumlov are so important for understanding the postglacial succession of Central Europe. The fossil mollusc assemblages showed an early appearance of forest species, which dominated both sites from the Boreal till Subboreal. Forest development in the Holocene Climatic Optimum reached a maximum, due to the absence of Neolithic man. Steppe species almost completely disappeared during this period. The development of the Young Holocene was linked to a decrease of the forest on the first site and the deforestation of the second site, due to a combination of a humidity decrease and human impact. In addition, some southern elements involved in the postglacial colonization of Central Europe, were found there. A few of them were found in a much older deposit than expected.
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