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Testing the influence of newly created learning materials for the fluorescent microscope on students` knowledge
Filipová, Jana ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Mourek, Jan (referee)
Among students, interest in Science is decreasing, despite the fact that knowledge of Science can be useful in many real life situations, such as medicine, conservation etc. Science education can also simply help to form a positive attitude towards nature. There are many possibilities of increasing students' interest in Science that could increase their motivation to study. Apart from Inquiry Based Education or Prescribed Practical Activities, working with devices used in research practice is one of the possibilities. If a school doesn't own such devices, there is a possibility to borrow them, or to work with them via the Internet. Possibilities of remote access to these devices are subject to research abroad, and this trend is also starting to appear in the Czech Republic. One example of a device that can be borrowed by schools is a fluorescence microscope at the Department of Didactics and Education of Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. In my thesis, I was investigating the influence of the presence or absence of this fluorescence microscope on the knowledge of students. Research was carried out in four different classes at two secondary schools in Prague. Students who took part in this research were from the first year of a four year secondary school or from the third...
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Fotomorfogeneze: the effects of irradiation on plant development in the eductational programs of basic schools and highschools
Sedlecký, Libor ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Janštová, Vanda (referee)
The main aim of this diploma thesis was creation of functional experiments and supporting teaching materials for high school students which would clearly demonstrate the processes of photomorphogenesis in plants. Proposed experiments had to be verified in practice on the basis of their reliability, repeatability and reproducibility in schools. It was necessary to drew up the educational materials for each experiment focused on observation of photomorphogenesis plant's reactions. These materials give students the basics of scientific work and specifically they increase the interest in experimental plant biology. The first part of the thesis is literary introduction that provides the theoretical background to the topic of photomorphogenesis for teachers. It summarizes the current of the art mechanisms and manifestations of photomorphogenesis processes of plants. The second didactic part of the introduction deals with the framing up teaching of plant physiology into current curricula of education in the Czech Republic. For the formativ of educational materials experiments had to be designed to demonstrate reliably basic photomorphogenetical processes. Three experiments were designe dat: 1. plant phototropism, 2. negative plant phototropism and 3. plant scotomorphogenesis.To select these experiments I...
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Cross-Curricular Subjects chosen for biology education.
Čermák, Martin ; Rajsiglová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Janštová, Vanda (referee)
Bachelor thesis is literature search. It compares cross-curricular subjects in the Czech Republic with other neighbouring countries (Germany, Austria, Poland, and Slovakia). As the source of information were not used scholarly articles but also school education programmes of countries. Cross-curricular subjects offer an opportunity to connect most or all school subjects. Themes which mainly cross Biology are analyzed in detail. Cross-curricular subjects in the Czech Republic are provided only marginally.
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Autophagy in the immune system
Vávra, Dan ; Černý, Jan (advisor) ; Janštová, Vanda (referee)
Autophagy is an essential, homeostatic process - survival mechanism that protects cells by various ways: cells break down their own components to recycle nutrients, remodel and dispose unwanted cytoplasmic constituents. Autophagy is involved in the degradation of long-lived proteins and entire organelles, but paradoxically, considering important prosurvival functions, autophagy may be deleterious. It plays an important role during development, tumor suppression, immunity and is required for the adaptation to environmental stresses such as starvation. Recent studies indicate, that autophagy is a central player in the immunological control of bacterial, parasitic and viral infections. The process of autophagy may degrade intracellulal pathogens. This work describes the mechanism of autophagy and highlights the role of autophagy in innate and adaptive imunity, summarizes some advances in understanding the functions of autophagy and its possible roles in the causation and prevention of human deseases.
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Inquiry-based educational activities in biology
Nedomová, Martina ; Čížková, Věra (advisor) ; Janštová, Vanda (referee)
4 The Abstrakt: The main target of the thesis is to complete and check the materials of inquiry- based education on the topic of 'water in human life'. This thesis has been based on the ESTABLISH project and it is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of inquiry-based education, its benefits and history. It introduces us to the national and foreign project and works that treat this type of education. The main passage of the thesis deals with the compilation and verification of materials for the inquiry-based activities within the thematic unit of 'water in human life'. Part of the materials is methodical handbook for teachers and worksheets for individual activities. Further on this thesis includes the results of a questionnaire for students. The feedback reflected verification of the activities and course of materials content and suitability assessment. Consequently, the thesis also includes the application of the questionnaire for educators which evaluated the awareness of the inquiry-based education and its existing usage by biology teacher on Prague grammar schools. Practical part contains the analysis of the exercises focused on water in relation to humans in selected biology and natural science teaching books. The Keywords: Education,...
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Utilization of Biology Olympiad in schools and implementation of selected tasks into highschool teaching.
Dvořáková, Darina ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
This thesis deals with the Biology Olympiad and remaking of selected tasks of region round. The remaked tasks can be used in highschool education. The thesis includes theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part provides general information about the Biology Olympiad (BiO), charts the achievements of Czech students in International Biology Olympiad (IBO), includes literary review of selected topics. The practical part encompass four remaked tasks of different topics: Eucaryotic cell as a mosaic, Water in life of animals, Animals' areas and their distribution, History of the flora in Czech Republic. The tasks are processed in the form of worksheets. The worksheets were tested at schools. Knowledge of students was tested by using of created pretests and posttests. The practical part also presents the result of research based on a questionnaire survey focused on the involvement of school in BiO and teachers' opinions on these topics.
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Teaching the theme human parasites on grammar school.
Houšková, Barbora ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Havlová, Michaela (referee)
Nowdays, when people travel all around the world and they can become infected with different parasites, teaching about human parasites shouldn't be neglected even in education on primary and grammar schools. In my work, I have mapped the basic knowledge of parasitology and human parasites of students from the selected primary schools and lower grades of grammar schools. For this purpose, I have created a test which examined the knowledge and attitude of the students. The work has also sought to propose a new approach to teaching of the subject in biology lessons. Two different teaching concepts were tested and compared in two paralel classes of the same grammar school. Presented representatives of human parasites, were chosen on the basis of analysis of biology textbooks for basic schools. Final suggestion of teaching at schools, which was teste dat three schools contains powerpoint presentations suitable for use in the lessons and practical exercise taken like didactical games.
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Practical courses and modification of selected tasks from Biology olympiad
Filipová, Jana ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Hrozinka, Šimon (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarize the integration of hands-on activities into biology lessons and to compare them with the requirements in the high-school curriculum. Further it inquires the influence of hands-on activities on the knowledge of students and their interest in the subject, and it summarizes previous findings about this topic. Sources available show that hands-on activities have a positive impact and are benefitial to students. This thesis also gives some examples of chemical tests suitable to be carried out in lessons. These tests can serve as proofs of carbohydrates, lipides and proteins in plants.
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Actin and its regulation in clathrin endocytosis
Pešanová, Denisa ; Libusová, Lenka (advisor) ; Janštová, Vanda (referee)
4 Abstract Actin filaments and their dynamics play an important role in eukaryotic membrane remodelling. Actin regulatory proteins are required for actin dynamics control. During clathrin-mediated endocytosis actin and regulatory proteins interact with clathrin and adaptors proteins. Together they assist membrane invagination and scission of vesicles. Actin structures are fundamental for formation, internalization and movement of endocytic vesicles in yeast. In mammalian cells, actin is less involved especially in the early stage of endocytosis. Models reflecting different roles of actin in clathrin-mediated endocytosis in yeast and mammals are still lacking despite the latest imaging methods. The goal of this bachelor thesis is to offer a compact summary of controversial observations of actin regulation in endocytosis based on recent studies and simultaneously present selected mechanisms of interactions of the most important proteins, which influence actin dynamics in the clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Key words actin, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, regulatory proteins
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Teaching in groups used in topics of human biology.
Grzybková, Helena ; Rajsiglová, Ina (advisor) ; Janštová, Vanda (referee)
Teaching in groups is the organizational form of teaching. Students are divided into several groups and they cooperate to solve certain task. Mutual help and involvement of passive and diffident student is a big advantage. This form of teaching has disadvantages and several problems too. Teacher should arrange and prepare everything carefully. Teacher's role is different in this type of teaching. When teacher is planning, he should realize what he wants to achieve, how large groups will be appropriate, how to divide students into groups etc. Classical arrangement of class for frontal teaching is inappropriate for teaching in groups. In this form of teaching students should see each other. All groups can do the same work or each group can do a different work. Student assessment is a problem in this way of teaching too. Some teachers can not cope with this. Teaching in groups may not be always cooperative. Key words: activating form of teaching, teaching in groups, cooperative teaching, teaching in pair, heterogeneous group, homogeneous group, role in the group, cooperative skills
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