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Karyotype evolution in estrildid finches of the genus Lonchura
Janáková, Šárka ; Reifová, Radka (advisor) ; Augstenová, Barbora (referee)
The karyotype, the set of all chromosomes in a cell, is an important characteristics of individual species of both animals and plants. The karyotype of birds is typically stable in terms of the number of chromosomes and their size, and rearrangements between different chromosomes are rare. The changes that occur between the karyotypes of avian species are more often intrachromosomal, such as inversions or duplications and deletions. It is still unclear how often such changes occur between closely related species and whether they can contribute to speciation. This work aims to compare the karyotypes of a total of five closely related species of songbirds of the genus Lonchura (munias and mannikins). Comparing chromosomal changes in such recently diverged species allows us to observe changes that might contribute to speciation. The study is based on karyotype analysis by immunofluorescence staining of synapsed pachytene chromosomes and subsequent identification and comparison of chromosome types. This method allows determination of the changes that are manifested by pericentric inversions where the position of the centromere is changed. The results confirm the general idea of avian karyotypes as very conservative in terms of chromosome number and their sizes. However, in some chromosomes we observed...
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Factors influencing price of family house
JANÁKOVÁ, Šárka
The graduation theses resolves the factors influencing the price of a family house. The goal is to compare the market prices of the family houses and analyse the most important factors influencing the market prices of the family houses in a selected area of the South Bohemia. The graduation theses ivolves a list of publications hanging together with this issue, methodical procedure of work and the actual results.
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Attitudes Towards Free Movement of Workers from the Perspective of Welfare Regimes
Janáková, Šárka ; Young, Mitchell (advisor) ; Rovná, Lenka (referee)
This Master's Thesis studies the connection between welfare regime clusters, their institutions and public attitudes towards the free movement of workers in the European Union. It aims to analyse, whether welfare regime clusters can serve as a useful tool for understanding the cross- national differences in public opinion on intra-EU labour migrants. To do so the Thesis uses the institutional theory and looks at three dimensions of welfare state institutions - the universality of the welfare state, economic inequalities and job opportunities. The study is conducted on the case of eight (former and current) EU member states, which are divided into four pairs, each representing one of the welfare regimes - conservative, liberal, social democratic and Southern European. The Thesis concluded that neither clustering into welfare regimes, nor institutional dimensions represent a sufficient tool to explain the variations in attitudes between the chosen countries. Insufficiency of clustering was shown in the case of some countries, that are part of the same welfare clusters but show different levels of support for free movements of workers. Additionally, countries with the positions in the studied institutional dimensions which should lead to the most positive attitudes do not reach the predicted degree of...
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Political Debate about the Issue of Free Movement of People in the United Kingdom between the Years 2010 and 2016
Janáková, Šárka ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is concerning with the evolution of stances of four main British political parties, namely the Conservative Party, Labour Party, Liberal Democrats, and the United Kingdom Independence Party, towards the issue of free movement of people between the years 2010 and 2016. The thesis aims to analyse on the basis of chosen documents, mainly manifestos or speeches of the parties' leaders, how and why did the stance of each political party towards the freedom of movement changed over the chosen period and how the stances differed among the parties. Mostly two documents are analysed for every chosen milestone of the time period between the years 2010 and 2016. These milestones are general elections in the years 2010 and 2015, the end of the transitional period for Bulgaria and Romania at the turn of the year 2014 and the European Parliament elections in the year 2014. For showing a possible shift in the stances of individual parties towards the issue of free movement of people are their statements characterised on a six-level scale negative to positive, whereas the sixth level means the issue was not mentioned in the statement. Apart from that also the level of prominence of the issue of freedom of movement is characterised at each milestone, showing how important a role this issue...
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Programmed DNA elimination in animals
Janáková, Šárka ; Reifová, Radka (advisor) ; Choleva, Lukáš (referee)
Programmed DNA elimination (PDE) is a process in which a part of genetic information is eliminated from the organisms genome. It can be found be found in both plants and animals. There is a difference in the genetic inormation eliminated depending on the species. There are some organisms that eliminate only parts of their chromosomes, others that eliminate whole chromosomes and in hybrid organisms one whole parental genome is eliminated. In somatic cells PDE usually takes place during early embryogenesis. If the genome being eliminated comes from the germline cells, PDE takes place during gametogenesis. The function and mechanisms of PDE differs inbetween the species. It is most often connected with soma and germ cell differentiation, sex determination in animals and haploid gamete production in hybrid species. Mechanisms frequently include epigenetic modifications of DNA destined for elimination or production of micronuclei (MN) with the eliminated DNA inside. This work summarizes these functions and mechanisms and provides examples. Key words: programmed DNA elimination, chromatin diminution, chromosomal elimination, hybridogenesis, micronuclei, epigenetic modifications, Germ1, GRC
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Political Debate about the Issue of Free Movement of People in the United Kingdom between the Years 2010 and 2016
Janáková, Šárka ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is concerning with the evolution of stances of four main British political parties, namely the Conservative Party, Labour Party, Liberal Democrats, and the United Kingdom Independence Party, towards the issue of free movement of people between the years 2010 and 2016. The thesis aims to analyse on the basis of chosen documents, mainly manifestos or speeches of the parties' leaders, how and why did the stance of each political party towards the freedom of movement changed over the chosen period and how the stances differed among the parties. Mostly two documents are analysed for every chosen milestone of the time period between the years 2010 and 2016. These milestones are general elections in the years 2010 and 2015, the end of the transitional period for Bulgaria and Romania at the turn of the year 2014 and the European Parliament elections in the year 2014. For showing a possible shift in the stances of individual parties towards the issue of free movement of people are their statements characterised on a six-level scale negative to positive, whereas the sixth level means the issue was not mentioned in the statement. Apart from that also the level of prominence of the issue of freedom of movement is characterised at each milestone, showing how important a role this issue...
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Guestion of nursing care in patiens with urinary catheter in their home environment {--} educational aktivity of nurses
JANÁKOVÁ, Šárka
This thesis focuses on patients with permanent urinary catheters, as well as on nurses who educate the patients when discharged from hospital to home care. The educating role of a nurse in this situation is particularly important. The nurses providing education to patients include those employed by hospitals, as well as by home care agencies and senior citizen homes. Not every patient is able to take care of the urinary catheter him/herself and therefore nurses from home care agencies are made available to assist. The nurses should educate the patients about all aspects of catheter application, e.g. the reason of application, complications (urinary infection, pull-out etc.), catheter maintenance (hygiene and aids, replacement of the collection bag etc.), catheter replacement (max. 21 days after the application), monitoring the urine color etc. The nurse should also ensure that the patient is educated in a quiet and agreeable place and, particularly, they should dedicate a sufficient time to each patient so that nothing is neglected. The first objective of this thesis was to find out whether nurses at the urology department educated patients with urinary catheters when they were discharged from hospital to home care. The second objective focused on nurses employed by home care agencies and senior citizens homes to check whether they got involved in education activities while taking care of patients with urinary catheters. The third objective was to find out whether patients with urinary catheters, when discharged from hospital to home care, were educated about how to take care of their urinary catheters. The objectives were assigned their individual hypotheses. The first hypothesis examined whether nurses employed at the urology department educated patients with urinary catheters about catheter replacement when the patients were discharged from hospital to home care. The hypothesis has been confirmed. The second hypothesis again focused on nurses employed at the urology department and investigated whether they educated clients with urinary catheters , when the patients were discharged from hospital to home care, about how to prevent urinary infections; the research has shown that the nurses indeed educated the patients in this field. The third hypothesis focused on nurses employed by home care agencies and senior citizens homes and investigated whether they educated clients with urinary catheters about how to prevent urinary infections. Also the third hypothesis has been confirmed. The fourth hypothesis concerned the patients and it investigated whether they felt informed about how to take care of their urinary catheters and whether they were able to recognize symptoms of urinary infections. It has been found out that although the patients are familiar with some symptoms of the infections, they are not familiar with all of them and therefore it is impossible to deem the hypothesis confirmed. The method used to meet the objectives of the quantitative research was that of anonymous questionnaires for nurses and patients. The questionnaire for nurses contained 21 questions and the questionnaire for patients contained 23 questions. The data were collected from March to May 2009. 100 questionnaires were distributed to nurses and 80 were returned, which means the response rate of 80 %. Out of 50 questionnaires distributed to patients 30 were returned, which means the response rate of 60 %. This thesis demonstrated that not all nurses provide a sufficient education in all aspects necessary for the patients. Also, not all the patients feel sufficiently educated in this field.
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