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Pharmacognostic study of Alnus spp.
Chlebek, Jakub ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles Univerzity in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Degree work term: Pharrnacognostic study of Alnus spp. Student: Jakub Chlebek Abstract The degree work Pharmacognostic study of radix Alnus spp. consists of theoretical and experimental part. Theoretical part contains botanical characteristic of the three home species of Czech Republic (Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana, Alnus rugosa), phytochemical review of the compounds of the genus Alnus and their biological acivities. Experimental part deals with phytochemical and biological study of the roots of Alnus glutinosa. Dried roots of the black alder (Alnus glutinosa) were extracted with Me2CO-H2O (7:3). Final extract was chromatographed over test silica gel colum using a MeOH- CHCl3 gradient (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 100 %). Elution gave 36 fractions. All the separations were analysed by TLC (hexane-EtOAc MeOH, 2:2:1). The sterols were detected in the fraction No. 7 by TLC, melting point and GC-MS. Major present sterols were β-sitosterol, β-sitostanol, minor sterols campestanol, campesterol. Fractions No. 10 and 19 were analysed by HPLC. Antioxidant activity of the fraction No. 19 was measured with DPPH radical and was low (EC50 0.32 mg/mL). Test silica gel colum experience were used in analysis on...
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Aspects of the use of herbal preparations adult population in the Czech Republic
Knotek, Karel ; Kokoška, Ladislav (advisor) ; Zelený, Václav (referee) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
The subject of this thesis is to map the approach and behaviour of the adult population in the Czech Republic as regards the use of plant products (PP), both medicinal plants and herbal dietary supplements. For the public, the high prevalence of PP is a good opportunity to use such plants for self-medication or to prevent illness. The general part of this thesis describes the characteristics and importance of both groups of plant products, as well as the topical issue of the choice, use and role of these plants in the world and in the Czech Republic on the basis of research. The practical part then presents the results of a questionnaire survey of people who use plant products - customers of pharmacies in selected regions of the Czech Republic: the capital, Prague, the Region of North Bohemia, and the Region of South Bohemia. Based on classification attributes the work monitors the public's approach and behaviour as regards the choice and means of acquiring and using PP and activity in relation to self-medication, such as consulting the suitable selection of PP or people informing their doctor that they are using PP. The work ascertains to what extent users know about and are aware of medicinal plants, how they are collected and used, and their properties on which the respondents base their choice...
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Risks Associated with the Dietary Supplements Use.
Zubrová, Julie ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee) ; Malíř, František (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové Department of: Social and Clinical Pharmacy Candidate: PharmDr. Julie Zubrová Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Luděk Jahodář, CSc. Consultant: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Risks Associated with the Dietary Supplements Use The worldwide increase of dietary supplements use, the way they are marketed and the limited information about safety of these products open the space to make new studies and thus to increase the safety of dietary supplements use in general public. In this dissertation, four individual topics related to the dietary supplements use were addressed: the safety of the use of additives in dietary supplements, allergy-like reactions to herbal products in children, the quality of information on the Internet relating to dietary supplements, the dietary supplements use by patients in the pre-operative period. The results of individual studies carried out in the framework of the dissertation showed potential risks associated with the dietary supplements use. Besides undesirable side effects of dietary supplements and interactions, potential side effects have been reported with some additives, especially if the patient is receiving the additive simultaneously in several dietary supplements or with food....
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Poisonings with macromycetes in period 2001-2016
Komínková, Lucie ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to process an overview of previously known knowledge about acute mushroom poisonings. Thesis draws mainly from foreign literature. Provides basic information about mushrooms, their toxins and syndromes that cause. Beside the general information, one part of the thesis is devoted to the cases and studies from around the world. They describe individual clinical cases of mushroom poisoning or deal with their epidemiological situation mostly between the years 2001 - 2016. Obtained information is processed into overview tables. Thesis is particularly focused on the situation of macromycete poisonings in the Czech Republic and contains data from specialised facilities. The most intoxications occurs after ingestion of the edible fungi species. The most common intoxications by mushrooms containing toxins are after ingestion A. phalloides, A. pantherina and Psilocybe. The most frequent reported symptoms are gastrointestinal. According to the severity, mushroom poisonings are classified as less dangerous with onset of symptoms within 6 hours and life-threatening with the onset of symptoms after more than 6 hours. Mushroom poisonings should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal problems. Key words: macromycetes, mushroom poisonings, mushroom...
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Analysis of Andrographis leaves extract
Tonarová, Marta ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
1 CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY AND ECOLOGY Analysis of Andrographis leaves extract. Marta Tonarová, 2010 Abstract: The analysis of the extract of leaves Andrographis paniculata (Acanthaceae) was accomplished. The commercial ethanol extract with the contents of andrographolides not higher than 10 % represented the tested material. In case of using the standard andrographolide, the thin layer chromatography has proved its very low amount in the extract only, in spite of the fact that studying literature consideres its contents as majority. The identity of the standard was verified by mesuring its NMR spectrums, which refers to the informations in the studying literature. Contents of andrographolides was fixed by the high performance liquid chromatography extanded to the standard, with using of isocratic elution and spectrophotometric detection by the wave lenght 223 nm. Total contents of the andrographolides in the extract was 12,23 % and consequently it refers to the production protocol. The main component in the contents of the extract was isolated by using preparative TLC. On the basis of fixing the NMR spectrums and their confrontation with the studying literature it was determined as 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide.
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Analysis of Ginger root extract. I.
Bačová, Barbora ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Bačová, B.: Analýza zázvorového extraktu. I. [Diplomová práce] Hradec Králové 2010, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Farmaceutická fakulta. Komerční extrakt ze Zingiber officinale 8 : 1 byl analyzován na obsah gingerolu, vody a dalších látek. Byly použity chromatografické postupy včetně TLC a HPLC. Metodou hodnocení byly postupy uvedené v US Pharmacopeia 1996 a ČL 2009. Byla potvrzena přítomnost 6-gingerolu v množství 1,17%, obsah vody 89,18% a prokázané další látky podobné gingerolům.
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Knowledge of less common isoflavonoids in plants
Cymbál, Martin ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Martin Cymbál, DiS. Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Bachelor thesis 2016/2017: Knowledge of less common isoflavonoids in plants, pp. 78. Isoflavonoids are a group of 3-phenylchromen-4-one phenol flavonoids, many of which are biologically active. Isoflavonoids and their derivatives are sometimes referred to as phytoestrogens, because their structure and effect are similar to steroid hormones and are fed to estrogen receptors in the body. Isoflavonoids play an important role in human food as a health promoting plant substance. Isoflavonoids and their related compounds are used in many dietary supplements and only in one registered phytopharmac (Menofem). Recently, some natural isoflavones have been identified as toxins, eg. biliatrasone, which can cause biliary atresia if infants are exposed to this substance. However, with years of research and finding of new isoflavonoids together with understanding of their mechanism of action and their structure they have gained importance. Over the last ten years isoflavonoids have been subject to extensive research and analysis mainly because of their countless effects that were confirmed by studies. Many other in vitro and in vivo experiments need to be...
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Analysis of Psilocybe constituents II.
Gunčagová, Andrea ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Jáč, Pavel (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmaceutical botany and ecology Candidate: Bc. Andrea Gunčagová Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Luděk Jahodář, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: The analysis of Psilocybe constituents II. The aim of this thesis was to analyse Psilocybe constituents, to plot the places of occurence of chosen Psilocybe brands and also to determinate their water content. The thesis deals with 22 samples that originate in 10 habitats in Slovakia and Moravian- Silesian region. Accuracy of brand specification was supervised by a member of mycological society. Psilocybe serbica var. bohemica was identified in 2, whereas Psilocybe semilanceata in 8 habitats. The average content of H20 in samples was 87,07 % ± 10,91 %. All of the samples were analysed by LC-MS/MS (LIT) method. The qualitative analysis of determinated substances showed the presence of psilocine (PSC) and psilocybine (PSB) in all samples. The results of quantitative analysis (expressed in percentage of dry matter) are similar in particular habitats, but there is a significant difference between two specific brands of Psilocybe mushrooms. The content of determinated alkaloids in P. bohemica was: PSC 0,001-0,011 % a PSB 0,01-0,07%. P. semilanceata contained 0,0005 - 0,011 % PSC a 0,074 - 0,763% PSB....
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Evaluation of biological activity using Artemia salina
Kvapilová, Radka ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Mgr. Radka Kvapilová Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY USING ARTEMIA SALINA Traditional Chinese medicine originated in ancient China and has evolved over thousands of years. TCM therapist use herbal medicines and body practices. Nowadays, Chinese medicine continues to develop and is used by millions of people around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of these products - Epimedii herba, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, Zanthoxyli fructus pericarpium, Nelumbinis folium a Gardeniae fructus. The experiment was conducted on organism Artemia salina. These experiments were evaluated after the 24 hours and the LC50 values were calculated. Toxicity declined in order: Zanthoxyli fructus pericarpium > Gardeniae fructus > Nelumbinis folium > Epimedii herba > Salviae miltiorrhizae radix. Key words: Zanthoxyli fructus pericarpium, Gardeniae fructus, Nelumbinis folium, Epimedii herba, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, Artemia salina.
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