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Nationwide referendum in Czech Republic 1993-2021
Grospič, Erik ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Jüptner, Petr (referee)
Although there has been a debate of varying intensity regarding the benefits of a nationwide referendum since 1993, the Czech Republic belongs to the minority group of states within the European Union in which the general regulation of this institute is not enshrined in the legal order. At the same time, only one referendum at this level has been held here under specific circumstances since the First Republic itself. This diploma thesis deals with the concept of this element of direct democracy by relevant political entities that were represented in the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic in the years 1993-2021. From a time point of view, this thesis focuses on eight electoral periods of the lower chamber. In the introductory part of the thesis, the use of the referendum is briefly presented from a global point of view, then within Europe and also the current Czech practice. The theoretical part presents the concept of direct democracy and the referendum itself, including its typology. This is complemented by a number of findings from recent scientific studies. In connection with this, some controversial aspects of the referendum are presented, the conception of which by the given actor subsequently determines the relationship to the use of the referendum as such. The...
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Analysis of the effectiveness of governance - the comparison of selected cities and municipalities in Czechia: the political-geographical aspects
Hellebrandová, Lenka ; Tomeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Slach, Ondřej (referee) ; Jüptner, Petr (referee)
The main topic of the research was the evaluation of the effectiveness of local governance with an emphasis on the approaches of selected cities in the Czechia to financing local development. The basis is an analysis of the content of strategic documents, the definition of development policies, and their long-term financing (in the period 2002-2020), including the use of EU funds. In the next part, using media analysis of local online newspapers, local political conflicts concerning the budget in the surveyed cities were identified. The result is a proposed composite index of local government efficiency measuring four areas of efficiency - public participation, political stability, local development financing, and the role of the city in micro-regional development. Keywords: local a regional administration, effectiveness, comparison, selected municipalities, political and regional aspects
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Quality of democracy and the role of Constitutional Courts in Central Europe
Weishauplová, Barbora ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Jüptner, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of the role of the Constitutional Court in Poland and the Czech Republic and their impact on the state of democracy, especially during the COVID- 19 pandemic. In the case study of both countries, three thematic areas are analyzed: the institutional setting of the constitutional judiciary, the process of appointing judges and the independent activities of the CC, which are created on the basis of current research and academic literature. The analyzes are mainly based on political developments, the constitutional entrenchment and the reaction of the US to government procedures that have had an impact on the deterioration of the quality of democracy. The two case studies are then compared to answer the question; what role the they played during the pandemic. The analysis itself shows that the role of the CC during the pandemic was crucial in both countries, although their position in the examined areas differed considerably. This finding is based mainly on the intensity of influencing the following political events, which was caused by the functioning of the CC. The difference lies in the relationship of the CC to the pandemic. In the Czech Republic, his approach was found to be active, as he revised protective measures to balance public health and democracy,...
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Comparison of the unity of communication of the coalitions Pirates and Mayors and Together before the legislative elections 2021
Růžička, Adam ; Hájek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Jüptner, Petr (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the comparison of the unity of communication of the pre- electoral coalitions formed before the Czech legislative elections in 2021. The first coalition consists of the Czech Pirate Party and the Mayors and Independents movement (STAN). The second coalition called "Together" encompasses the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), the KDU- ČSL, and the TOP 09. The thesis uses a comparative method that takes into account the content analysis of the electoral campaigns. The aim was to find out how the coalition parties formed a unified communication during the pre-election campaign. After the introduction, the theoretical framework includes political communication, political marketing, election campaigns, and pre- electoral coalitions. There is a brief introduction to the characteristics and development of coalition subjects and the motivation for creating pre-electoral coalitions. The comparison shows that the coalitions have chosen a different approach to unified communication. The parties of the Together coalition continued to try to build their political brands, which subsequently tried to project into a united coalition brand. This led to better establishment and awareness of this formation. The Pirates and Mayors were less united in the partial aspects of the communication,...
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Proposal for the Czech Statutory City Districts Autonomy Index
Hála, Jaroslav ; Jüptner, Petr (advisor) ; Huňady, Martin (referee)
Czech statutory cities are enabled by The Municipal Law to divide their territory into sub- municipal units. This competency has been used by seven Czech statutory cities, which established city districts. Cities had entrusted their sub-municipal units with different amount of authority and autonomy. Firstly, the factors of sub-municipal autonomy are being identified. Significant are: the volume of finances, which city districts operate with; their access to external grants; the scope of policies and public services in which they are being included; competence to establish its own organisational units; influence on city legislation and representation in the institutions of the statutory city. Based on the factors the sub-municipal autonomy index is being proposed. The index is applicable on the seven statutory cities with their city districts. The index constructed from these factors attributes sub-municipal units of Brno and Ostrava with the highest amount of autonomy, and units of Ústí and Labem and Pardubice with the lowest amount of autonomy. Based on index values and interviews with actors of sub-municipal politics are the cities of Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň and Liberec being labelled as "truly decentralized" and the cities of Ústí and Labem and Pardubice as "rather deconcentrated".
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Coalitions of Independent Candidates in Elections to City Councils in the Czech Republic
Brýdl, Matěj ; Jüptner, Petr (advisor) ; Vimmr, Martin Kryšpín (referee)
The bachelor thesis Coalitions of Independent Candidates in Elections to City Councils in the Czech Republic deals with terms of candidacy Coalitions of Independent Candidates in elections to city councils in Czech cities and municipalities. First of all, the bachelor thesis compares conditions for candidacy of independent candidates in the Czech Republic and neighboring countries. The analysis is focused on comparison of the presence of Coalitions of Independent Candidates in Czech cities of different size. The focus is mainly on local elections 2014. Successful Coalitions of Independent Candidates has been described in details. The aim is to refer to disadvantages suffered by Coalitions of Independent Candidates in larger cities. The disadvantage is, that Coalitions of Independent Candidates have to produce petition with 7 % signatures of voters from the city, where they want to candidate. Despite this disadvantage is majority of Czech councilors elected from the Coalitions of Independent Candidates.
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First-time voters motivation for parliamentary elections in Ricany 2010
Babíček, Lukáš ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Jüptner, Petr (referee)
Author of this thesis is undertaking a study of an act of voting in a town Říčany during election to the Parliament of the Czech Republic in 2010. A research is looking for the aspects, which can influence the acting of first-voters before they go to the elections. Young people often discuss their choice with members of any social group (parents, friends, siblings) and political parties try to focus on these young people, appeal on them and motivate them to give a vote to that political party. The goal of this thesis is to find out, which social group influences the first-voters in Říčany most, what position takes the family and if the first-voters are a single voting unit, which is good to study. This thesis contains a brief history of Říčany, results of elections to Parliament in 2006 and 2010 and there are the election campaigns of that parties which took place in Parliament in 2006 and 2010. A single part of the campaigns represents the campaign focused on young people. Part of chapters with the election results, there are motivations of voters written. The crucial part of the thesis is a questionnaire sent between the respondents from the city in a target group. On the base of these anonymous questionnaire results, the hypothesis are confirmed or declined.
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Šumava National Park and Interests of its Municipalities: The Case of Postmaterial Cleavages?
Musilová, Karolína ; Jüptner, Petr (advisor) ; Švec, Kamil (referee)
The diploma thesis Šumava National Park and Interests of its Municipalities: The Case of Postmaterial Cleavages? analyses, if the postmaterial cleavage is present in the case of Šumava National Park and how is it projected on the national level. Since the very beginning, there have been argues about the notion of the national park, where two different set of ideas collide. On the one hand, there are local municipalities which depend on incomes from tourism, on the other hand, the environmentalists seek for growing extent of areas without any human intervention. The theoretical background is based on concept of cleavages by S. Rokkan and S.M. Lipset. Special attention is paid to the postmaterial dimension of the cleavage, which was evolved by R. Inglehart. The analytical part consists of case study, which examines the attitudes of the stakeholders. The examination is based on semi-structured interviews with mayors, official documents and media coverage of the topic. According to the findings, there is a cleavage, which is visible on all levels of political system, including political parties and presidents.
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Municipal Secessions after 1989 in District of Česká Lípa
Jogheeová, Eva ; Jüptner, Petr (advisor) ; Masopustová, Ilona (referee)
Diploma thesis Municipal Secessions after 1989 in District of Česká Lípa deals with a wave of disintegration of municipalities which took place immediately after a restoration of democracy in the Czech Republic. The thesis discusses the following subjects: the development of municipal administration in the Czech lands, the current position and function of municipality, basic aspects of democratization on a local level, territorial fragmentation, local development, the concept of secession, and legislative conditions for the foundation of new municipalities in the Czech Republic and administrative development in the district of Česká Lípa on which is this paper focused. The work aims to answer the main research question: What are the political aspects of the process of municipal seccesions after 1989 in the district of Česká Lípa? The principal motives of this secession, the major players in the process, how public opinion was measured, the existence of cross- cutting cleavages in public opinion, the present-day situation assessment, a real change of the level of development and formal aspects of the process will be studied. The aim will be achieved through the use of content analysis of historical documents from the district Record Office, and direct interactions with the major players of the...
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The Theory of Coalitions in the Context of Elections to the Regional Board of Representatives in 2000 and 2004
Slámová, Klára ; Just, Petr (advisor) ; Jüptner, Petr (referee)
The master thesis "The theory o f coalitions in the context o f elections to the regional board o f representatives in 2000 and 2004 " deals with formation of executive bodies at the regional level. The theory of coalitions, concerned exclusively with coalitions at the national level, is applied herein to a lower political level. This is contributed by the fact that in the Czech Republic the regional (as well as municipal) level operates on the same basis as the national level. The legislative body - the board of representatives - disposes of the direct mandate; from it the executive - the council - draws its own mandate. Thus, the effort to transpose the theory of coalitions to a specific environment of regional politics is hereby facilitated. This thesis commences with a theoretical introduction in which the theory of coalitions is presented, focused on the typology of coalition governments. The work follows with an analysis of the institutional aspect of regional politics. The regions as the new regional authorities of self-government needed to establish not only their structure of organization and certain powers, but also the electoral system through which the main body of the region would be filled. Following the theoretical introduction, emphasis is put on the examination of each region (within two...
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