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Characterization of elder juice on the basis of some chemical parameters
Šafránková, Petra ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This study is about characteristic of eldberry juice based on selected chemical properties. In the theoretical part, it is described botanical characteristic, including place of origin and spread. This part is also about the healing effects of elderberry and cultivating and improving of this plant is also mentioned there, together with some varieties of elderberries. In the experimental part, there were made some determinations the same for wild variety of elderberry and for cultivated elderberry. There were not found significant differences in relative density between both samples. According to pH, the more acidic is the cultivated variety of juice and this juice also contains higher content of organic and mineral acids, reducing sugars and citric acid. On the other hand the wild variety juice contains higher total content of amino acids and mineral solids.
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Influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentration at Rubisco activity and its content in sunny and shaded leaves of beech
Vičíková, Magda ; Vitoulová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentration at Rubisco activity and its content in sunny and shaded leaves of beech (Fagus sylvatica). The initial and total activities were measured spectrophotometrically, the content of Rubisco was determined by using SDS-PAGE method. It was observed statistically significant higher activity of Rubisco in leaves cultivated under elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide in June but not in September. In contrary, exposure of leaves (sunny/shaded) did not have significant influence on Rubisco activity in June, but in September was found lower activity of Rubisco in shaded leaves than in sunny leaves. The content of Rubisco was lower in leaves cultivated under elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide (acclimation), with the exception of shaded leaves in September. There was found significantly lower Rubisco content in shaded leaves than in sunny leaves both in June and in September.
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Influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on the quality of wheat flour
Zítková, Jana ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This work treats of influence of carbon dioxide increased concentration on wheat yield and quality of wheat grains and flour. It focuses above all on total content nitrogenous substances in flour, content of proteins, gluten and bake charackteristics. Generally, increased carbon dioxide concentrations cause an increase of wheat yield and decrease of total content of nitrogenous substances. Gluten content is lower and that is why the bake properties are worse too.
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Positive and negative substances in guarana
Hrdinová, Lucie ; Vitoulová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor work theoretically describes Southern American plant named guarana (Paullinia cupana), its history, cultivation and traditional preparation. The work deals with effects of significant alkaloids (caffeine, theophylline, theobromine), tannins and saponins included in guarana, as well as general activity of guarana seeds. Contemporary studies are in agreement with strong antibacterial and antioxidant effects of guarana seed extracts, genotoxic and mutagenic activity of guarana in prokaryotic organisms and toxic affects on dogs, which are extremely sensitive on methylxanthines. In studies on human volunteers there was not shown any adverse effects, but there were recorded some cases of new-onset seizures in adults following heavy consumption of energy drinks, rich in caffeine, taurine, and guarana seed extract. The studies generally proved helpful activity against obesity and positive influence on lipids metabolism. There were confirmed positive psychoactive and mild antidepressant effects of guarana as well as adstringent, lipolytic and gastroprotective properties.
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Diseases and defects of wine
Rychová, Alexandra ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with wine diseases and defects. The goal of this work was to make literature research aimed at diseases and defects, which can occur in wine, and to describe their possible agents, mechanisms of formation and eventually present solutions of their elimination, if possible. The thesis is also briefly concerned with the history of viticulture in Czech Republic, the processing of grapes and the production of wine.
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The control of Toma orange juice authenticity on the basis of selected chemical properties
Cvrková, Jana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This study verifies Toma orange juice authenticity on the basis of selected chemical properties. In the theoretical part are definitions of the basic concepts concerning the orange juice. This part is also focused on characterization of technology procedures of orange juices, historical development of legislation in the European Union and Czech Republic, the most frequent ways of adulteration of fruit juices and methods, which determine their authenticity. In experimental part were made determinate analyses of orange juice Toma and experimental results were compared with standard values. On this basis it was deduced a conclusion about authenticity of orange juice Toma from commercial network.
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Influence of leaf age on the Rubisco content
Matulková, Zuzana ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis describes the influence of leaf senescence on the Rubisco enzyme content in Fagus sylvatica, grown both in normal and elevated athmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Tha samples were collected at the Station of experimental ecology, Institute of systems biology and ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, White Cross in Moravian-Silesian Beskydy. To specify the determination three series of samples were taken in following order - the first one on 22nd May 2007, the second one on 24th July 2007, and the third one then on 4th September 2007.The Rubisco enzyme content in leafs was measured by the SDS-PAGE method. In Fagus species grown in elevated carbon dioxide concentration we observed the depression of Rubisco enzyme content during the vegetation period. Reversely in Fagus species grown in normal carbon dioxide concentration the Rubisco enzyme content was increasing.
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The control of Tesco orange juice authenticity on the basis of selected chemical properties
Belková, Renáta ; Šalplachta, Jan (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This study deals with verifying the Tesco orange juice authenticity, on the basis of selected chemical parameters. In the theoretical part there is orange juice defined according to actual standards, described its production and the legislation in EU and in the Czech Republic. There are next mentioned the basic practices of adulteration of orange juice and possibilities of its detection and some analytical methods for verifying the orange juice authenticity. In the experimental part of the study there was the authenticity of the sample of orange juice Tesco from the trade network tested with some standard analytical methods. Regarding to the results of the analysis, which were within the limits of the standard values, the conclusion can be written that analysed sample of the orange juice was authentic.
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Sledování aktivity a množství enzymu Rubisco v jehlicích smrku ztepilého během dne
Hrstka, M. ; Petrů, E. ; Urban, Otmar
Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; EC 4.1.1.39) enzyme catalyses caboxylation of D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), the first step of Calvin cycle, in competition with oxygenation of RuBP that leads to photorespiratory pathway. We estimated diurnal changes of Rubisco initial and total activities as well as Rubisco amount under the different light conditions to find the mechanism of Rubisco activity regulation in Norway spruce needles.
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