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Evalution of DNA Damage and Repair in patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Due to Drug Therapy with Platinum Derivatives
Fikrová, Petra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee) ; Dušinská, Mária (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Petra Fikrová Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Consultant: Prof. RNDr. Rudolf Štětina, CSc. Title of doctoral thesis: Evaluation of DNA damage and repair in patients with non-small cell lung cancer due to drug therapy with platinum derivatives Lung cancer is the most common worldwide cause of cancer-related death. This type of cancer is divided into two subtypes, the small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Platinum- based chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment of advanced stages non-small cell lung cancer, to that is this work focused on. The aim of this study was to investigate whether it is possible to use the comet assay method for monitoring the progress of treatment in these patients, and if it is possible to predict a patient's response to treatment or patient's survival. Standard version or modifications of comet assay were used for the measurement of DNA damage or oxidative DNA damage and we also validated a modification of comet assay for measuring DNA crosslinks. This evaluation was carried out either in vitro in HeLa cells and in peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors from Transfusion department of University Hospital in Hradec...
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Daily energy expenditure of pregnant women.
Malíková, Petra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Višňovský, Peter (referee)
1 Abstract Background: Energy expenditure in pregnancy of Czech women is a lowly explored part of energy metabolism. Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate total energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate in pregnant women in the Czech Republic and to compare our values with values presented in foreign literature. Design: Energy expenditure was estimated in 248 women from the Czech Republic. The method was based on filling the questionnaires where women described all of their activities of a certain day. Women also gave details of an exact time of duration for each activity. For mathematical assessments there were used two computer programmes: a specially designed program Energetic expenditure 2 and a statistic program GraphPad Prism 4. As the values of basal metabolic rate were considerated values obtained by multiplication of pre-pregnancy basal metabolic rate calculated according to Schoefield equations and multiplication factors for certain trimester of pregnancy (1,04, 1,07 a 1,19 for the first, second and third trimester, respectively). The same multiplication factors were used for estimation of total energy expenditure. In the study there are described also other energy characteristics - activity energy expenditure (AEE), physical activity level (PAL). Results: In our study there were...
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The Usage of Food Supplements and Free Sales Drugs
Syrůčková, Ludmila ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr.Ludmila Syrůčková Consultant: Mgr.Miroslav Kovařík Title of Thesis: The Usage of Food Supplements and Free Sales Drugs In this rigorous theses we targeted the usage of food supplements and free sales drugs. These preparations were divided into several groups - for motoric system, for loss of cholesterol, for improvement of difficulties in menopause, for urological problems, for pregnant and lactating women, multivitamins and multiminerals, for improvement of growth of hair, nails and skin, for improvement of sight, for weight loss, for problems with prostate gland, for detoxication of organism, for improvement of memory and better capillary return and by venous problems. Respondents filled question forms, where they presented the usage of the preparations, their dosage, length and result of the usage. Then the question forms were analyzed, percent representation of preparations in this groups were found, recommended dosage was checked and subjective effects according to the respondents were detected. Further the effect and the motivation of usage were interpreted. Multivitamins and multiminerals were the most used group. More than half of respondents felt relief from pain....
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Evaluation of muscle endurance among groups with varying degrees of physical activity
Pospíšilová, Markéta ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Aim of this thesis is to compare muscle endurance in group of people with different physical activity. For this thesis we chose 24 people, specifically 14 women and 10 men, who were 21-27 years old and we divided them into two groups according to their daily energy expenditure into active and inactive group. Because of the fact that during physical activity ratio of body composition changes, part of this thesis was also anthropological measurement, where we measured body composition of every person by method of bioimpedance and also their weight and height. We also measured spirometry parameters. Then we used myometer and pinchgrip for measurement of muscle endurance in selected group of muscles in half of maximal strength. We discovered significant differences in muscle endurance in various groups of muscle. In some groups of muscles we proved significantly higher values of muscle endurance (determined as time of endurance test and area under the curve of dependence of muscle strength on time) in the group of people with higher daily energy expenditure. We successfully proved significant association of muscle endurance with energy expenditure, body composition and spirometrical parameters.
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Evaluation of the bioimpedance parameters in patients with bronchial carcinoma
Netolická, Jana ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
44 12. Abstract Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate Mgr. Jana Netolická Consultant PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Thesis Evaluation of the bioimpedance parameters in patients with bron- chial carcinoma The aim of our study was to compare BIA parameters among patients with NSCLC in stage III. and IV., in periods P1 (before the 1st cycle of chemotherapy), P2 (in 6 weeks after the first examination before the 3rd cycle of chemotherapy) and P3 (3-4 weeks after the last 4th cycle of chemotherapy). Measurements was taken among 10 patients, 7 men and 3 women, in average age 64 ± 8,05 years. Our results did not prove a statistical (p < 0,05) significant difference between values of individual parameters BIA (ANOVA test and t-test) and on the other way lots of correlative relations were found among values of BIA , which follow from calculating patterns. In summary we can say, that we demonstrated malnutrition in our patients and according to the values of phase angle and illness marker had patients a worse prognosis. ECW exceeded the physiological value (20 %) in all three periods (P1 23 %, P2 22,8 % P3 23,3 %). Conversely ICW below the physiological limit (40 %) (P1 25,8 % P2 23,5 % P3 24,9 %) and the same TBW (60 %)...
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Intake of nutritional energy and macronutrients in lactating women
Handlová, Hana ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the nutrition of breastfeeding women. The aim was to analyze the nutritional intake of energy, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and fluids during lactation. For this purpose, the theoretical part gathered knowledge about the intake of substrates and their importance in nutrition with a focus on breastfeeding women. The monitoring took place in three separate lactation periods, namely the 3rd week after birth and the last weeks of the 3rd and 6th month of breastfeeding. At the end of every period, each of the 20 breastfeeding women involved completed a questionnaire, in which they kept a weekly record of the food and fluids consumed. The NutriDan nutritional program and the Excel program for statistical processing of results were used to calculate the number of received substrates. The values obtained were compared with the recommendations of the Nutrition Society valid for the Czech Republic. Nutrient intake did not differ statistically significantly between breastfeeding or between days of the week. The central findings of the study are insufficient energy intake compared to the recommended and relatively lower intake of carbohydrates in the diet at the expense of higher protein intake. Furthermore, the consumption of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids significantly...
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Changes in nutrition, resting energy expenditure, and body composition of Czech women during pregnancy and lactation in relation to birth parameters and milk production.
Najpaverová, Simona ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Tláskal, Petr (referee) ; Kacerovská Musilová, Ivana (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Simona Najpaverova Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Changes in nutrition, resting energy expenditure, and body composition of Czech women during pregnancy and lactation in relation to birth parameters and milk production Introduction and objective: During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes many changes that support proper fetus development and prepare the mother's body for delivery as well as subsequent breast-feeding period. Monitoring of these changes, can detect a non-physiological course of pregnancy and thus prevent potential complications that disrupt fetus development, the delivery itself, lactation or newborn future life. This longitudinal study aimed to detect changes in maternal body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutritional intake during pregnancy and lactation and assess the relationship of these parameters with newborn characteristics (height, weight) and maternal milk production, which is not well known in women of the Czech population. Methods: 92 healthy primiparous Czech women with a physiological pregnancy were included in the study. The examinations of women were performed in three pregnancy periods...
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The association of energy intake and parameters of energy metabolism in pregnant and lactating women
Danielisová, Monika ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Monika Danielisová Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph. D. Title of master thesis: The association of energy intake and parameters of energy metabolism in pregnant and lactating women Background: The objective of this study was to compare changes in metabolism during pregnancy and lactation and evaluate the relationship between energy intake (as well as macronutrients intake - saccharides, lipides and proteins) and parameters of energy metabolism. Methods: Method of indirect calorimetry was used to assess the parameters of energy metabolism. In order to evaluate protein oxidation, it was necessary to establish the amount of waste nitrogen, which was measured from 24-hour collection of urine. Energy and macronutrients intake were calculated in NutriDan software based on data from 7 days questionary. Results: Most significant differences in measured volume of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were observed between the period of 3rd and 6th month after delivery and in all 3 measurements throughout pregnancy. The average of predicted resting energy expenditure at the end of pregnancy was 1596 ± 146 kcal/day, which increase to 106 ± 9 %. This declined after 6th month...
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The energy balance evaluation at spontaneous breathing polytrauma patients with nutritional support in ICU.
Jelínková, Valerie ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis investigates the influence of nutrition support on a set of critically ill patients after the administration of parenteral nutrition by measuring their energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. The study was performed on 8 spontaneously breathing patients during the 2nd-5th day of polytrauma and the variables were obtained by Indirect calorimetry. The mean age of the patients was 42 ± 16 years. Four patients were obese, three were overweight and one had normal weight in the examined group. The measurement was conducted on 7 patients after hypocaloric nutrition administration (1323 ± 281 kcal/day) and 1 patient after hypercaloric nutrition administration (3400 kcal/day). Statistical analysis revealed that the administered nutritional support had no significant effect on energy expenditure and the substrate oxidation preference. However, correlations between the values of energy expenditure, nutrients oxidation, and values of some of the laboratory parameters were observed. The energy expenditure of polytraumatic patients measured at least 4 hours after nutritional administration was 2139 ± 518 kcal/day and 24.6 ± 3.5 kcal/kg/day. This energy expenditure was covered by oxidation of proteins (31%), by lipids (46%) and by carbohydrates (23%). Large variability was found among the results...
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