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Probiotics and prebiotics in the diet of the population. Effect on disease frequency.
Cherepanova, Ekaterina ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Horová, Eva (referee)
Over the past decade, scientific research has focused on the intricate relationship between the human microbiome and the immune system. A particular emphasis in the last three years has been on investigating the impact of the microbiome on the susceptibility and severity of COVID- 19 infections. There is substantial evidence suggesting that the consumption of fermented foods, ranging from fermented vegetables and kefir to yogurt and kimchi, has a beneficial effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiome and, consequently, on the function of the immune system. This study, part of a bachelor's thesis, explores the complex association between regular consumption of fermented foods and the frequency of infectious diseases. Through the analysis of data obtained from a questionnaire, it was found that individuals who regularly incorporated fermented products into their diet exhibited a lower frequency of infectious diseases over the past two years. These results indicate that the consumption of probiotics and prebiotics may positively influence the immune system, reducing the risk of disease. Regarding the examination of the relationship between the consumption of probiotics from food sources and the frequency of COVID-19 infections, a contrasting observation emerged. Those who were fully...
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Substance-use related psychiatric comorbidity among clients of aftercare programme
Horová, Eva ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Koutská, Kateřina Olga (referee)
Background: Mental illness is a risk factor for the development of addiction, e.g. as a result of self-medication, and vice versa, addictive behavior can contribute to the development of mental illness. Disorders from the use of addictive substances concurrently with another mental disorder, the so-called "dual diagnosis", has a high prevalence among users of addictive substances. Clients with psychiatric comorbidity have a higher incidence of risky behavior or suicide and a higher need for services and care. Objective: The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity associated with the use of addictive substances in clients using the services of a aftercare center and to describe the factors that accompany its occurrence. Methods: A secondary analysis of data was performed from the provided anonymized database of clients actively using the services of the aftercare center as of March 1, 2023. In addition to the sociodemographic data of the clients, data on the use of addictive substances, the nature of the addiction disorder, the presence of disorders in the field of mental health and factors, were analyzed which could influence their occurrence and clinical severity in the client. Results: The research group consisted of 79 clients of the outpatient and...
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Comprehensive evaluation of the occurrence and perception of hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Zadáková, Eliška ; Horová, Eva (advisor) ; Škrha, Jan (referee)
Backround: For many patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), hypoglycemia is a major obstacle to achieving satisfactory compensation. Hypoglycemia unawareness is present in approximately 25 % of patients with T1DM. We use the validated Gold Score and Clarke Score questionnaires in combination with data from continuous (CGM) or instantaneous (FGM) glucose monitoring sensors to assess the perception disorder. Aims: The aim of this diploma thesis was a comprehensive assessment of the occurrence of hypoglycemia unawareness based on the validated Gold Score and Clarke Score questionnaires and the demonstration of the connection between impaired perception of hypoglycemia according to questionnaires and the percentage of time spent in hypoglycemia based on sensor data. Research methodology: In this observational and questionnaire non-interventional study, 73 patients treated with T1DM for more than 12 months and using CGM or FGM (age 41 years 16, duration of T1DM 16.7 years 11, HbA1c 52 mmol/mol 9 ,7) who completed the Gold Score, Clarke Score and HABS questionnaires to supplement the psychological level of the issue. In these patients, data from their sensors was obtained and the parameters such as average glycemia, percentage of time in the range in hypoglycemia (3.9-10 mmol/l), glycemic...
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The influence of the education on carbohydrate units counting and flexible insulin dosing in patients with Type 1 diebetes mellitus
Zadáková, Eliška ; Horová, Eva (advisor) ; Hásková, Aneta (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and the possibility of using carbohydrate units counting and flexible insulin dosing as a strategy to improve patient compensation. The theoretical part presents diabetes mellitus as such. The bases of other types of diabetes are briefly described here, but most of the space is devoted to Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiology of the disease, symptoms, diagnosis, acute and chronic complications are described here. What is the treatment and the possibilities, advantages and disadvantages of individual types of insulin therapy. Part of non-pharmacological treatment deals in general with the importance of physical activity in T1DM and the relation to hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The theoretical basis of the problem of carbohydrate units counting in connection with the flexible insulin dosing is described here. The whole practical part is devoted to teaching and using carbohydrate units counting and flexible insulin dosing, i.e. adjusting the dose of insulin to food, in patients monitored in the Diabetology Center, 3rd Internal Department, General Teaching Hospital. Research data were obtained using a questionnaire method. Responses from a total of 88 respondents and the data collection from the medical system after...
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Microvascular reactivityand endothelial function in patients with diabetes mellitus and other endocrinopathies
Horová, Eva ; Prázný, Martin (advisor) ; Rybka, Jaroslav (referee) ; Rušavý, Zdeněk (referee)
(EN) Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of atherosclerotic and cardiovascular complications. It is also a target of research aimed at the factors and mechanisms leading to the vascular impairment. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the microvascular reactivity and endothelial function in patients with specific metabolic and hormonal disorders. Four separate studies are included in the thesis. First, the influence of hypercortisolism and associated diseases on microvascular reactivity was evaluated in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Second, the changes in microvascular reactivity and endothelial function after standard breakfast were studied in patients with type 2 diabetes. Next two studies were done in type 1 diabetic patients. The impact of acute hyperglycemia on microvascular reactivity was evaluated during hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic and hyperglycemic clamp. Finally, the influence of glycemic variability and insulin treatment on microvascular reactivity and its possible relationship were studied in type 1 diabetic patients. The results indicate that microvascular reactivity and endothelial function are, among other factors, influenced by insulinemia and insulin resistance. Microvascular reactivity was predominantly impaired by the arterial hypertension and diabetes in patients...
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Dietary prevention of type II. diabetes
Dejmalová, Jana ; Flekač, Milan (advisor) ; Horová, Eva (referee)
Introduction: The subject of this bachelor thesis is the dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary changes are one of the basic measures in diabetes prevention. Diabetes prevention is very important and for a correct application of preventive measures it is necessary to understand its pathophysiology and know its causes, consequences and complications. The objectives of the bachelor thesis: The first part summarizes the current knowledge in the field of diabetology, obesitology and prevention of type 2 diabetes, particularly the diet one. The practical part analyses results of a survey that was targeted at those at risk of type 2 diabetes, especially in people with a family history of diabetes mellitus. The main intermediate objectives of the research included: eating habits and customs of respondents, knowledge of dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes, awareness of the relation between obesity and diabetes prevalence and of the impact of physical activity in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Methodology: The survey was conducted through an anonymous and voluntary questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed to patients at the Department of General Internal Medicine of the General University Hospital in Prague, patients of the general practitioner and at the cardiology clinic in...
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Microvascular reactivityand endothelial function in patients with diabetes mellitus and other endocrinopathies
Horová, Eva ; Prázný, Martin (advisor) ; Rybka, Jaroslav (referee) ; Rušavý, Zdeněk (referee)
(EN) Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of atherosclerotic and cardiovascular complications. It is also a target of research aimed at the factors and mechanisms leading to the vascular impairment. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the microvascular reactivity and endothelial function in patients with specific metabolic and hormonal disorders. Four separate studies are included in the thesis. First, the influence of hypercortisolism and associated diseases on microvascular reactivity was evaluated in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Second, the changes in microvascular reactivity and endothelial function after standard breakfast were studied in patients with type 2 diabetes. Next two studies were done in type 1 diabetic patients. The impact of acute hyperglycemia on microvascular reactivity was evaluated during hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic and hyperglycemic clamp. Finally, the influence of glycemic variability and insulin treatment on microvascular reactivity and its possible relationship were studied in type 1 diabetic patients. The results indicate that microvascular reactivity and endothelial function are, among other factors, influenced by insulinemia and insulin resistance. Microvascular reactivity was predominantly impaired by the arterial hypertension and diabetes in patients...
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