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Optimisation of fibre-matrix interface in ceramic matrix composite
Halasová, Martina ; Černý,, Martin (referee) ; Chlup, Zdeněk (advisor)
This thesis is concerned to the study of behaviour of fibre composites with ceramics matrix. The composite consists of pyrolysed polysiloxane matrix reinforced by ceramic fibre Nextel 720. Main aim of this work is optimisation of fibre matrix interface through the selection of suitable precursor of the matrix with respect to temperature stability, sufficient strength and reasonable fracture toughness. Samples of matrices were exposed to the long term heat treatment in the range 1100 – 1500 °C. The mechanical properties as hardness and indentation elastic modulus were determined after heat treatment. Selected precursors of matrices were used for composite fabrication. Elastic modulus and fracture toughness at room and elevated temperatures were studied. Discussion is dedicated to the description of changes in mechanical properties with respect to chemical processes taking place during high temperature exposition. Further, reasons of fracture behaviour of composite materials are discussed, and finally, gained knowledge and outlined possibilities of subsequent development are summarised.
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Behaviour of the Interface of Low Toughness Materials
Halasová, Martina ; Pabst, Willi (referee) ; Tatarko, Peter (referee) ; Fintová, Stanislava (referee) ; Chlup, Zdeněk (advisor)
The work is focused on evaluation of factors influencing behaviour of interface in low toughness ceramic materials reinforced with fibres. The main aim was to characterise processing effects influencing the quality of fibre-matrix interface, with respect to final behaviour of composites at various loading type. The partial goal was to map the possibility of influencing the composite material by choice of matrix material, eventually by change of its processing, leading to change of interfacial properties without need of modification of reinforcement surface. The materials used in studied composites as a matrix were based on thermal transformation of polymer precursors, thus, the resulting materials were characterised in partially as well as in fully pyrolyzed state. Behaviour of interface in cpomposite materials was first evaluated from the global behaviour (i.e., change of mechanical properties) and in chosen representative composites also from the point of local changes in close surrounding of the interface (i.e., microstructure, chemical processes, fracture-mechanic processes, etc.) due to thermal exposition. In experiment were used particularly composite materials prepared by pyrolysis of polysiloxane resins reinforced by basalt fibres or Nextel™720 fibres. With respect to thermal resistance of the reinforcement, the basalt reinforced composites contained only partially pyrolyzed matrix (i.e., to temperature of 800°C), and in composites with Nextel™720 reinforcement was the matrix in form of fully pyrolyzed polymer into ceramic (SiOC). At partial pyrolysis of polysiloxane resin occurs rapid change of behaviour at temperature of 600°C. It was demonstrated, that around this temperature the formed interface with basalt fibre exhibits optimum adhesion/strength, allowing to reach sufficient level of composite strength at acceptable fracture toughness. Above temperature of 750°C occur significant difusion processes in the area of the interface and formation of new crystalline phases in the fibre, what deteriorates the fibre strength, and on the contrary, strengthen the interface cohesion, what leads to degradation of properties of the whole composite. At composite materials determined for high temperatures, reinforced by Nextel™720 fibres, was detected significant resistivity against oxidation caused especially by fully pyrolyzed matrix. As similarly important factor was observed the formation of mullite interphase in surface area of the fibre. Volume changes caused by formation of the interphase, difusional transport of the matter and thermal exposition led to formation of thermally and stress-induced micro-cracks, weakening interfacial surrounding in matrix as well as in fibre. This mechanism in contrast to amplifying chemical bond between fibre and matrix led to preserving of the composite properties also at high temperatures up to 1500°C. The work also dealed with effects of loading rate, where in contrast to static loading were observed different failure mechanisms. Realized research led to description and explanation of the influence of the fibre-matrix interface by change of matrix material processing parameters, which allow processing of economically advantageous and thermally stable composite.
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Economic Analysis of Organizing Ice Hockey World Championship 2015 in Ostrava and Prague
Halásová, Michaela ; Soudek, Jan (advisor) ; Fišerová, Tereza (referee)
In many cases the organization of major sport events brings various benefits to hosting economies, especially those resulting from encouraged tourism. However, these events carry extensive costs coming mostly from public resources which could be used for other purposes, e.g. healthcare. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze the socioeconomic impact of the Ice Hockey World Championship 2015 on Prague and the Moravian-Silesian Region using a Cost-Benefit Analysis in which costs and benefits are summed up and benefit-cost ratio calculated. In our analysis we conclude that the event was beneficial not only for the Czech Ice Hockey Association; the hosting organization reporting profit of 450 million CZK before taxes but also for the regions with a benefit-cost ratio of 5.53, meaning that the benefit created equals 5.53 times the amount the regions invested into the event. Moreover, in this analysis we confirm an overall positive effect of the championship on tourism. Keywords cost-benefit analysis, Ice Hockey World Championship 2015, Prague, Ostrava, Moravian-Silesian Region, economic impact, major sport events, tourism
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The legacy of Versailles and the reflection of the peace conference in the 20th century
Halásová, Michaela ; Jeřábek, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the issue of the legacy and reflection of the peace conference in the 20th century, through the theories of realism and idealism. The theoretical part presents the key theories of realism and idealism, from the perspective of several authors, as well as the first great debate in the sector of international relations. The distribution of forces at the peace conference in Paris is described in more detail, all the treaties forming the Versailles peace system are presented, and attention was also paid to the process of establishing the League of Nations. The main part of the work contains an analysis of the situation during the interwar period, with an emphasis on the sustainability of the idealistic peace concept, which contrasted with the realistic activities of individual states. Based on this, the main goal of the work is to answer the questions what caused the failure of the system of collective security, the demise of the League of Nations, as well as the possible transcendence of peace treaties to the present. Key words Peace conference, idealism, realism, interwar period, Versailles peace system, League of Nations
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Behaviour of the Interface of Low Toughness Materials
Halasová, Martina ; Pabst, Willi (referee) ; Tatarko, Peter (referee) ; Fintová, Stanislava (referee) ; Chlup, Zdeněk (advisor)
The work is focused on evaluation of factors influencing behaviour of interface in low toughness ceramic materials reinforced with fibres. The main aim was to characterise processing effects influencing the quality of fibre-matrix interface, with respect to final behaviour of composites at various loading type. The partial goal was to map the possibility of influencing the composite material by choice of matrix material, eventually by change of its processing, leading to change of interfacial properties without need of modification of reinforcement surface. The materials used in studied composites as a matrix were based on thermal transformation of polymer precursors, thus, the resulting materials were characterised in partially as well as in fully pyrolyzed state. Behaviour of interface in cpomposite materials was first evaluated from the global behaviour (i.e., change of mechanical properties) and in chosen representative composites also from the point of local changes in close surrounding of the interface (i.e., microstructure, chemical processes, fracture-mechanic processes, etc.) due to thermal exposition. In experiment were used particularly composite materials prepared by pyrolysis of polysiloxane resins reinforced by basalt fibres or Nextel™720 fibres. With respect to thermal resistance of the reinforcement, the basalt reinforced composites contained only partially pyrolyzed matrix (i.e., to temperature of 800°C), and in composites with Nextel™720 reinforcement was the matrix in form of fully pyrolyzed polymer into ceramic (SiOC). At partial pyrolysis of polysiloxane resin occurs rapid change of behaviour at temperature of 600°C. It was demonstrated, that around this temperature the formed interface with basalt fibre exhibits optimum adhesion/strength, allowing to reach sufficient level of composite strength at acceptable fracture toughness. Above temperature of 750°C occur significant difusion processes in the area of the interface and formation of new crystalline phases in the fibre, what deteriorates the fibre strength, and on the contrary, strengthen the interface cohesion, what leads to degradation of properties of the whole composite. At composite materials determined for high temperatures, reinforced by Nextel™720 fibres, was detected significant resistivity against oxidation caused especially by fully pyrolyzed matrix. As similarly important factor was observed the formation of mullite interphase in surface area of the fibre. Volume changes caused by formation of the interphase, difusional transport of the matter and thermal exposition led to formation of thermally and stress-induced micro-cracks, weakening interfacial surrounding in matrix as well as in fibre. This mechanism in contrast to amplifying chemical bond between fibre and matrix led to preserving of the composite properties also at high temperatures up to 1500°C. The work also dealed with effects of loading rate, where in contrast to static loading were observed different failure mechanisms. Realized research led to description and explanation of the influence of the fibre-matrix interface by change of matrix material processing parameters, which allow processing of economically advantageous and thermally stable composite.
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Behaviour of the Interface of Low Toughness Materials
Halasová, Martina ; Chlup, Zdeněk (advisor)
The work is focused on evaluation of factors influencing behaviour of interface in low toughness ceramic materials reinforced with fibres. The main aim was to characterise processing effects influencing the quality of fibre-matrix interface, with respect to final behaviour of composites at various loading type. The partial goal was to map the possibility of influencing the composite material by choice of matrix material, eventually by change of its processing, leading to change of interfacial properties without need of modification of reinforcement surface. The materials used in studied composites as a matrix were based on thermal transformation of polymer precursors, thus, the resulting materials were characterised in partially as well as in fully pyrolyzed state. Behaviour of interface in cpomposite materials was first evaluated from the global behaviour (i.e., change of mechanical properties) and in chosen representative composites also from the point of local changes in close surrounding of the interface (i.e., microstructure, chemical processes, fracture-mechanic processes, etc.) due to thermal exposition. In experiment were used particularly composite materials prepared by pyrolysis of polysiloxane resins reinforced by basalt fibres or Nextel™720 fibres. With respect to thermal resistance of the reinforcement, the basalt reinforced composites contained only partially pyrolyzed matrix (i.e., to temperature of 800°C), and in composites with Nextel™720 reinforcement was the matrix in form of fully pyrolyzed polymer into ceramic (SiOC). At partial pyrolysis of polysiloxane resin occurs rapid change of behaviour at temperature of 600°C. It was demonstrated, that around this temperature the formed interface with basalt fibre exhibits optimum adhesion/strength, allowing to reach sufficient level of composite strength at acceptable fracture toughness. Above temperature of 750°C occur significant difusion processes in the area of the interface and formation of new crystalline phases in the fibre, what deteriorates the fibre strength, and on the contrary, strengthen the interface cohesion, what leads to degradation of properties of the whole composite. At composite materials determined for high temperatures, reinforced by Nextel™720 fibres, was detected significant resistivity against oxidation caused especially by fully pyrolyzed matrix. As similarly important factor was observed the formation of mullite interphase in surface area of the fibre. Volume changes caused by formation of the interphase, difusional transport of the matter and thermal exposition led to formation of thermally and stress-induced micro-cracks, weakening interfacial surrounding in matrix as well as in fibre. This mechanism in contrast to amplifying chemical bond between fibre and matrix led to preserving of the composite properties also at high temperatures up to 1500°C. The work also dealed with effects of loading rate, where in contrast to static loading were observed different failure mechanisms. Realized research led to description and explanation of the influence of the fibre-matrix interface by change of matrix material processing parameters, which allow processing of economically advantageous and thermally stable composite.
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Economic Analysis of Organizing Ice Hockey World Championship 2015 in Ostrava and Prague
Halásová, Michaela ; Soudek, Jan (advisor) ; Fišerová, Tereza (referee)
In many cases the organization of major sport events brings various benefits to hosting economies, especially those resulting from encouraged tourism. However, these events carry extensive costs coming mostly from public resources which could be used for other purposes, e.g. healthcare. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze the socioeconomic impact of the Ice Hockey World Championship 2015 on Prague and the Moravian-Silesian Region using a Cost-Benefit Analysis in which costs and benefits are summed up and benefit-cost ratio calculated. In our analysis we conclude that the event was beneficial not only for the Czech Ice Hockey Association; the hosting organization reporting profit of 450 million CZK before taxes but also for the regions with a benefit-cost ratio of 5.53, meaning that the benefit created equals 5.53 times the amount the regions invested into the event. Moreover, in this analysis we confirm an overall positive effect of the championship on tourism. Keywords cost-benefit analysis, Ice Hockey World Championship 2015, Prague, Ostrava, Moravian-Silesian Region, economic impact, major sport events, tourism
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Optimisation of fibre-matrix interface in ceramic matrix composite
Halasová, Martina ; Černý,, Martin (referee) ; Chlup, Zdeněk (advisor)
This thesis is concerned to the study of behaviour of fibre composites with ceramics matrix. The composite consists of pyrolysed polysiloxane matrix reinforced by ceramic fibre Nextel 720. Main aim of this work is optimisation of fibre matrix interface through the selection of suitable precursor of the matrix with respect to temperature stability, sufficient strength and reasonable fracture toughness. Samples of matrices were exposed to the long term heat treatment in the range 1100 – 1500 °C. The mechanical properties as hardness and indentation elastic modulus were determined after heat treatment. Selected precursors of matrices were used for composite fabrication. Elastic modulus and fracture toughness at room and elevated temperatures were studied. Discussion is dedicated to the description of changes in mechanical properties with respect to chemical processes taking place during high temperature exposition. Further, reasons of fracture behaviour of composite materials are discussed, and finally, gained knowledge and outlined possibilities of subsequent development are summarised.
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