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Discourse relations in Czech and their representation in an annotated corpus of texts
Mladová, Lucie ; Zikánová, Šárka (referee) ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor)
The present thesis is a contribution to the widely discussed issue of how the syntactic structure of a sentence and the structure of discourse (text) are related. The syntactic sentence structure along with other language phenomena participates in building a coherent, comprehensible discourse. The author calls the syntactically motivated relations in discourse connective relations. These relations include coordinating relations and some of the subordinating relations within a sentence and, secondly, adjoining of discourse units across the sentence boundary. The explicit means of expressing connective relations are called discourse connectives. It is a group of language expressions that connect or adjoin discourse units while indicating the type of semantic relation between them, i. e. conjunctions, some subjunctions, particles and adverbials, and marginally also some other parts-of-speech. The present thesis describes the semantic category of discourse connectives in Czech on the basis of language data and their syntactic annotation in the Prague Dependency Treebank, and thus aims to contribute to the design of a language corpus annotation scenario capturing the discourse relations in Czech.
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Kontinuální plánování pro zajištění vzájemného porozumění v situovaném dialogu
Janíček, Miroslav ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Kruijffová, Ivana (advisor)
The work investigates the problem of grounding-adding to common ground - in situated human-robot dialogues. Common ground, a special kind of mutual understanding among dialogue parties, is essential for any joint activity and as such is central to any interaction. In our approach, we treat dialogue just as a part of a wider collaborative activity, extending Thomason et al.'s approach to dialogue modelling based on abductive reasoning. Our system performs abduction over agents' (i.e. dialogue participants) beliefs, similarly as in the related field of multi-agent planning. We define beliefs as relational structures that are assigned a modal-logical semantics and show how common ground is achieved and maintained using these structures. Finally, we present an implementation of the system in a cognitive architecture of a robot in a scenario where the robot learns a correct model of a visual scene in a collaboration with a human tutor.
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A contrastive study of means expressing necessity in English and Czech
Šimůnková, Renata ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee) ; Huschová, Petra (referee)
The dissertation investigates the structures of the semantic field of necessity in English and in Czech on the basis of means of expression found in eight works of contemporary fiction (four English books, four Czech books and their published translations). The aim of the thesi s is first to describe the structure of the semantic field in each individuallanguage and then compare the acquired data, determine the similarities and differences and discuss the potential causes of the differences and their consequences in connection with the accurate expression of necessity in both languages. The dissertation consists of three main parts: theoretical, empirical and the conclusion. The theoretical part is outlined as a broad general introduction into the problems of modality and then specifically of necessity. Apart form the delimitation and interpretation of the general concept of modality it focuses on the means of expression of necessity used in English and Czech and their comparison. In the empirical part the individua! means of expression found in the fiction are first discussed and compared within each individuallanguage (e.g. the distinctions between must and have to, or mustn 't and can 't are discussed in detail) and then between the two languages. The conclusion offers brief summaries of the outcomes of...
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Non-projectivity in English and Czech
Čermáková, Kristýna ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
This thesis analyzes non-projective constructions in English and Czech. It is based on the functional generative description of language and the analysis of material drawn from the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank, the Prague Dependency Treebank, and the British National Corpus. The theoretical part provides a brief characterization of phrase structure grammar and dependency grammar together with the definition of the fundamentals of the functional generative description, and the definition of non-projectivity. The analytical section presents a detailed comparative classification of non-projective structures in both languages. Individual types are studied from the perspective of differences between the surface structure and the underlying structure, demonstrating how the substitution of a non-projective clause for a projective one influences the topic-focus articulation and the meaning of the clause. The main objective is to define factors motivating non-projectivity in English and Czech, to compare them, and to determine whether it is marked or neutral type of discontinuity that prevails in each of the two languages.
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Acquisition of Czech by French learners: automatic analysis of errors in declension
Šmilauer, Ivan ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Hrdlička, Milan (referee) ; Cardey-Greenfield, Sylviane (referee)
Our work presents the realization of a platform of computer-assisted language learning CETLEF, featuring on-line fill-in-the-blank exercises with automatic feedback on errors. CETLEF, consisting of a relational data base and author and learner interfaces, rendered necessary the definition of a model for declension in Czech. This model contains a detailed classification of the paradigms and rules for the realization of vocalic and consonantal alternations. It enables the morphological annotation of required forms, the didactic presentation of the morphological system of Czech on the learning platform, as well as the automatic error diagnosis. Diagnosis is carried out by the comparison of an erroneous production with hypothetical forms generated from the stem of the required form. An appraisal of the diagnosis of the productions collected on CETLEF shows that the vast majority of errors can be interpreted with the aid of this technique.
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Word order in late Old Czech (1500-1620): status of a synthetic predicate in the main sentence
Zikánová, Šárka ; Kučera, Karel (advisor) ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Šlosar, Dušan (referee)
The word order of Slavie languages is an important point of interest of both Czech and foreign linguists. The Czech word order has been described e.g. by L. Uhlířová, by the so called Prague School of Functional Sentence Perspective (P. Sgall, E. Hajičová, E. Buráňová), by J. Firbas and A. Svoboda. Recently, new works referring to the theme are published abroad. (Franks - King 2000, Zybatow et al. 2001 ). The word order- or, more exactly, the ordering of the verb, the subject and the object in a sentence constitutes a basis for the word order typology of languages. The typology distinguishes SVO-languages (subject - verb - object), SOV -languages and others (Encyklopedický slovník češtiny, 2002: 503). According to the typology, present Czech is an SVO-language: the verb usually follows the subject and the object is placed after the verb (cf. the term systemic ordering in the Czech linguistic tradition, Sgall - Hajičová- Buráňová, 1980: 77). As the handbooks of the history of the Czech language show, there was a phase in the development of Czech during which a predicate verb was often placed at the end of a sentence. 1 This characteristics is mentioned in the linguistic literature usually in connection with the Czech in the period of humanism (cf. Havránek, 1979). (This period begins in the 14th_15th century...
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Tools and Data for Analysis of Spoken Czech and its Prosody
Peterek, Nino ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Kopeček, Ivan (referee) ; Psutka, Josef (referee)
This work describes our steps towards prosody models of spoken Czech language. After a characterisation and discussion of recent prosody definitions and of area of prosody applications, we present the central point of the work, development of an easy-accessible and user-friendly research environment Dialogy.Org, supporting exploration of Czech prosody and its automatic analysis and modelling. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Rules for analyzing anaphora in Czech
Nguy, Giang Linh ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Hajič, Jan (advisor)
With the increasing importance of natural language processing there is growing number of research with the theme automatic anaphora resolution.. The contribution to the research on this problem is also this thesis. The aim of the work is to propose a set of rules for anaphora resolution in Czech. The created set of rules consists of handwritten rules as well as rules developped with the aid of machine learning system C4.5. For the rules training and testing were used anoted data from the Prague Dependency Treebank, in which following types of anaphora are captured: pronominal anaphora, control, reciprocity and dependency relation of adjuncts. Our work is focused on these types of anaphora. The evaluation of the rules is done with standard methods for interpretation of recall and precision.
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