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Psychological Aspects of Prevention of Sexual Risk Behavior with Attention to Attitudinal Changes in Adolescents
Goláňová, Ivana ; Čáp, David (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
Sexual risk behavior is a phenomenon affecting physical and mental health of an individual. In this paper, the psychological aspects of specific types of sexual risk behavior with attention to its causes as well as its consequences are presented. It is focused on a developmental period of adolescence in the context of the risk behavior syndrome in adolescents. Furthermore, effective approaches to preventive activities are discussed. As for the objectives of programs, the main aim is to influence the attitudes of adolescents. These changes should be reflected in their behavior and can be measured. The paper projects a questionnaire for attitudes towards sexual risk behavior of adolescents entitled Inventory SP-20 that is also used in a research design. In the experiment, changes in attitudes within the preventive programs are measured. The change can be an indicator of effectivity of the programs. Keywords: adolescence problem behavior theory risk behavior sexual risk behavior effective prevention preventive programs sexual education attitudes attitudinal changes
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Cognitive Distorsions through Expressive Writing in Depressive Patients within an Intercultural Context
Goláňová, Ivana ; Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia (referee)
Depression, as one of the most widespread mental illnesses, is responsible for the disability of a large number of people, so it is necessary to pay attention to its diagnosis and treatment. Part of the broad depressive symptomatology is also a cognitive deficit that is shown as an impairment of the cognitive functioning of an individual, including distortion of thinking. This distortion can also be observed in the written presentation of the patients. Expressive writing as a useful therapeutic technique could provide the opportunity to identify cognitive distortions through written text. These distortions can manifest in a higher prevalence of the use of absolute words, self-focused language (SFL), often manifested by personal and possessive pronouns, as well as emotionally negative words. On the contrary, there are few positive emotional and cognitive words in texts of depressive patients. The research was carried out in an intercultural context, so the studied cultures of Czech republic and Mexico were presented. The research extracted words from texts of expressive writing for selected categories in both languages. That can be further used to build a basis for the dictionary to study this phenomenon. The statistical analysis confirms the equivalence of this phenomenon in both samples, except...
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Cognitive functions in depressive patients in intercultural context
Goláňová, Ivana ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia (referee)
Depressive disorder is the most widespread psychological illness and is responsible for the disability of many. However, this disease is not only a pathological change of mood, current research shows that depression can also be connected with a cognitive impairment, a pathological changes in optimal functioning. This impairment can not only deepen the illness but as well worsen work and personal life of a patient. This paper aims on presenting the basics of the disease, its causes, and the ways in which depression and cognitive deficits are currently treated. Since the research is carried out in an intercultural context, the studied cultures of the Czech Republic and Mexico are presented in the context of current theories. The intecultural research examines the cognitive deficit of depressed patients. The results of depth of depression, neuropsychological tests, and tests evaluating rumination are compared interculturally. There were no important statistically significant differences found between the two cultures. On the other hand, the results show some impairment in cognitive functioning in depressive patients. Keywords: depression cognitive functions cognitive impairment ruminations intercultural comparison study Mexico Czech republic
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Psychological Aspects of Prevention of Sexual Risk Behavior with Attention to Attitudinal Changes in Adolescents
Goláňová, Ivana ; Čáp, David (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
Sexual risk behavior is a phenomenon affecting physical and mental health of an individual. In this paper, the psychological aspects of specific types of sexual risk behavior with attention to its causes as well as its consequences are presented. It is focused on a developmental period of adolescence in the context of the risk behavior syndrome in adolescents. Furthermore, effective approaches to preventive activities are discussed. As for the objectives of programs, the main aim is to influence the attitudes of adolescents. These changes should be reflected in their behavior and can be measured. The paper projects a questionnaire for attitudes towards sexual risk behavior of adolescents entitled Inventory SP-20 that is also used in a research design. In the experiment, changes in attitudes within the preventive programs are measured. The change can be an indicator of effectivity of the programs. Keywords: adolescence problem behavior theory risk behavior sexual risk behavior effective prevention preventive programs sexual education attitudes attitudinal changes
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