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Sexual dimorphism of the skull and its changes during senescence
Fleischmannová, Nikola ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
The thesis deals with the influence of age changes on the expression of sexual dimorphism of the skull of individuals in the Czech population. Thesis follow the previous study of Musilová and colleagues (2016) that reveals a significant reduction of size and shape sexual dimorphism in French population. It is important to verify this trend on multipopulation data because of the significant effect of population affinity on manifestation of sex-specific craniofacial traits. Incorrect sex classification could affect the remaining parameters forming the individual's biological profile. Large-scale data of the heads of the Czech population obtained by computer tomography were analyzed, and only exocranial surfaces were subsequently isolated. The group consisted of 142 individuals, of whom 59 were women aged 21 to 85 years. Men were represented by 83 individuals in the age range of 21 to 87 years. Significant sexual dimorphism was identified in all age categories in the form and shape of the skull and was concentrated in the area of the superciliary arches and glabela, the zygomatic arches, mastoid process and protuberantia occipitalis externa. With increasing age, there was a decrease in sexual dimorphism due to shape changes, not size changes, in the area of the superciliary arches, the root of the...
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Sexual dimorphism of the skull and its changes during senescence
Fleischmannová, Nikola ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
The thesis deals with the influence of age changes on the expression of sexual dimorphism of the skull of individuals in the Czech population. Thesis follow the previous study of Musilová and colleagues (2016) that reveals a significant reduction of size and shape sexual dimorphism in French population. It is important to verify this trend on multipopulation data because of the significant effect of population affinity on manifestation of sex-specific craniofacial traits. Incorrect sex classification could affect the remaining parameters forming the individual's biological profile. Large-scale data of the heads of the Czech population obtained by computer tomography were analyzed, and only exocranial surfaces were subsequently isolated. The group consisted of 142 individuals, of whom 59 were women aged 21 to 85 years. Men were represented by 83 individuals in the age range of 21 to 87 years. Significant sexual dimorphism was identified in all age categories in the form and shape of the skull and was concentrated in the area of the superciliary arches and glabela, the zygomatic arches, mastoid process and protuberantia occipitalis externa. With increasing age, there was a decrease in sexual dimorphism due to shape changes, not size changes, in the area of the superciliary arches, the root of the...
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Vegetarianism and veganism from the perspective of the evolution of human diet
Fleischmannová, Nikola ; Kotěrová, Anežka (advisor) ; Kaupová, Sylva (referee)
The object of this bachelor thesis is to interpret the evolution of diet of the anatomically modern human and his ancestors from the perspective of paleoanthropology and isotope analysis of skeletal remains. The findings are consistent with the view that humans are omnivorous, whose diet consists of plant and animal sources. Their ratio, however, in the course of human evolution has changed significantly, which had an impact on some major evolutionary events. Currently, there are alternative diets which tend only to plant components of food and they are called vegetarianism and veganism. In the case of the hominins the diet strictly based on plant sources would greatly influenced their evolution as we know it. Especially the encephalization and the spread to higher latitudes by the genus Homo would be limited by using only the plant sources. In today's industrialized countries the popularity of vegetarianism and veganism increases. Assuming sufficient awareness and taking necessary supplements the plant based diet may have positive impact on human health and can be recommended as an effective prevention of diseases of civilization.
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