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The experience of alterity in the rise of a moral consensus: Sartre and Levinas
Abi Rached, Lamia ; Maesschalck, Marc (advisor) ; Dupuis, Michel (referee) ; Camilleri, Sylvain (referee)
Lamia ABI RACHED Thesis Abstract : "The experience of alterity in the rise of a moral consensus: Sartre and Levinas" Our study aims to prove that the experience of alterity is an essential key to solve the problem of the crisis of values that threatens our modern world and to build a modern moral consensus, adapted to the era of democratization of societies characterized by the sacralization of freedom and a relativism of values. It would seem that, despite the changes in regimes, changes in beliefs and lifestyles and geopolitical transformations that the world is undergoing today and which are orienting it towards greater diversity within increasingly heterogeneous societies, the only constant in this constantly changing world is the figure of the other. This perspective has led us to seek solutions to this crisis of values that the world is experiencing in the theories of alterity and intersubjective philosophy. It is in this spirit of re-founding the being-for-morality in a context of violence towards alterities that we attempt to re-interpret the philosophies of Sartre and Levinas for which the other must play a fundamental role in the construction of both individual and collective consciousness. Key-words : Morality-otherness-Consensus-Phenomenology-Moral ontology-Ethics of infinity
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On the path of Levinas: From phenomenology to Enrique Dussel's philosophy of liberation.
Kouamen Happi, Hoeradip ; Maesschalck, Marc (advisor) ; Dupuis, Michel (referee)
Our research project is based on the orientation of a route not only because it highlights the originality of two philosophies but also because it engages mainly to show how Levinas' thought resonates with the Enrique Dussel Philosophy of liberation. Initially anchored in the socio-historical reality of Latin America, the philosophy of liberation converts itself into an "ethic of liberation" which is considered as a universal project of liberation of the oppressed. The meeting with Levinas is with consequences because it allows the Argentinian philosopher not only to assign an ethical background to his philosophical project but also to critically integrate philosophical categories initiated by the French phenomenologist (« Others "; the " exteriority ", the " face" etc.) Throughout our work which is essentially a comparative analysis, we will move to show how such categories that come close to a metaphysical abstraction can be integrated within a philosophy that revolves historically and concretely from a praxis of liberation.
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THE NOTION OF THE INSTITUTUON BY MERLEAU-PONTY
Maes, Gautier ; Gély, Raphael (advisor) ; Dupuis, Michel (referee)
Merleau-Ponty's philosophy is known as unfinished. Even if it is quite unfinished, there is a unity in it. The aim of an effective reading of Merleau-Ponty goes through the enlightenment of the movement of this philosophy. Till now, the historiography seems to understand well the boundaries of the thought of the French philosopher, but there's still a gap in the reading, as if, between the 'Phénoménologie de la Perception' and 'Le Visible et l'Invisible', the philosophy of the author was at a break-even point. We want to keep attention on this gap in order to find the coherence back. To do this, we focused on the lesson Merleau-Ponty gave at the 'Collège de France' in 1954-1955. With the notion of institution, Merleau-Ponty helps us to think deeply the link between phenomenology and ontology that means the way from a reflexive philosophy to a philosophy of the flesh. The work we've done was to deal with the notion of institution in order to a better understanding of the movement inside the philosophy of Merleau-Ponty.
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Three times nothing. The first time, a phenomenology of nothingness. The second time, an analysis of anxiety. The last time, a fundamental ontology.
Hadzi-Pulja, Vera ; Dupuis, Michel (advisor) ; Frogneux, Nathalie (referee) ; Gély, Raphael (referee)
My Master thesis (Michel Dupuis dir.) was a part of my Erasmus Mundus Europhilosophie curriculum. Focused on the topics of anxiety/dread (Angst) and nothingness (Nichts), it was an opportunity for me to establish a comparison between Heidegger and Kierkegaard. Thus, I attempted to construe the phenomenon of anxiety and the nothingness that this anxiety is getting anxious about, in the works of both philosophers. This analysis led me to elaborate an ontology of birth (as well transcendental and mundane (weltlich)), which is neglected by Heidegger in Sein und Zeit in favour of an interpretation centred on being-toward-death as a way of being for the Dasein. I also determined this ontology of birth as a new starting point for reconsidering the introductory problematic of Sein und Zeit, namely the fundamental ontology (Fundamentalontologie). Overriding Heidegger's failure to lead to its end the project of a fundamental ontology, I maintained that this project would become achievable, but only if based on the ontology of birth previously mentioned. This new way led me to a reinterpretation of the fundamental-ontology, that is to say a science of the Being (Sein) as the Being, beyond particular beings (Seiende) and their essences (Wesen), as metaphysics of facticity.
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