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"Homo deformis". The fascination by appearance of deformed human body in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown between 1526 and 1620
Sochatzi Babič, Elena ; Zlatohlávek, Martin (advisor) ; Nespěšná Hamsíková, Magdaléna (referee) ; Divišová, Bohdana (referee)
During the 16th century a new phenomenon occurred, that the physically disabled people were presented as curiosities or miracles because of their visage. Some cases were realy incredible therefore their appearances gave an impulse for creating an artwork. The images were popular between all social levels, were collected by townspeople, scientists, nobles and kings. The dissertation thesis "Homo deformis". The fascination by appearance of deformed human body in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown between 1526 and 1620 aims to explore how the phenomenon of human curiosities was reflected in early modern visual art in the Czech lands. This dissertation thesis bases on individual examples of human monstrosity in various art forms such as portraits, allegories, scientific illustrations and pamphlets. It exams images of abnormal disabled people between 1526-1620 and focuses on their symbolic meaning, aesthetic interpretation. It summarizes the knowledge about perceptions of depicted abnormal persons in 16th century. It also shows the Early modern society reactions about "homo deformis", their everydayness and social status. This thesis studies reasons why the disabled body was a kind an inspiration for artists. It examines if the artists of 16th century were able to picture cases of physically deformed...
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Nutrition and diet therapy in the Renaissance period
Paroha, Josef ; Alušík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Divišová, Bohdana (referee)
The aim of this interdisciplinary theoretical master's thesis is to investigate what the inhabitants of the territory of today's Czech Republic consumed during the Renaissance period (14th-16th century) and what form therapeutic diets had during this era. To achieve this goal, I have used the method of historical data analysis. Valid data was obtained from the period literary sources with medical or dietary themes written from the beginning of the 14th century to the end of the 16th century in the territory of today's Czech Republic and from the modern secondary academic literature, especially from the fields of history, archaeology and physical anthropology. The obtained data was used to reconstruct the form of the dietary habits and therapeutic diets during the Renaissance period and the evaluation of its impact on the state of health of the then population in our state territory. On the basis of the study of the sources and the secondary literature, I found out how people in the territory of the Czech Republic ate during the Renaissance period. There was surprisingly enough food and a quite wide spectrum of available foodstuff in the period in question on this territory. This finding is confirmed by anthropometric measuring, medical reports, and other surviving texts. Complex therapeutic diets...
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Iatromathematics in medical discourse of early modern era: Czech lands before 1620
Žytek, Jakub ; Černý, Karel (advisor) ; Vaňková, Lenka (referee) ; Divišová, Bohdana (referee)
Iatromathematics in medical discourse of early modern era: Czech lands before 1620 Mgr. Jakub Žytek, M.Phil. Abstract: This dissertation examines iatromathematics, or astrological medicine, in the early modern medicine of the Czech lands before 1620 (sources ranging from 1491 to 1619). It seeks to both comprehensively outline this specific and then quite standard medical doctrine as well as assess the role and significance of iatromathematics for the practice of the early modern physician and its position within the system of contemporary humoral medicine as a whole. Within the Czech study of the history of medicine, such a systematic treatment of the topic of iatromathematics is unprecedented. Having defined the historical framework of astrology in European cultural history and the concept of astrologia naturalis in the contemporaneous philosophy of nature, the thesis maps the tradition of iatromathematics in medieval sources of Czech origin and the development of the discipline in the early modern era. Then, employing textual analyses and interpretations, it examines various medical sources (books of prognostica, bloodletting booklets, almanacs, treatises on plague, phlebotomic instructions, health regiments) that focused on the influence and action of the heavenly bodies on human health. The thesis...
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"Homo deformis". The fascination by appearance of deformed human body in the Czech lands between 1526-1620
Sochatzi Babič, Elena ; Zlatohlávek, Martin (advisor) ; Jakubec, Ondřej (referee) ; Divišová, Bohdana (referee)
During the 16th century occurred a new phenomen, that the physically disabled people because of they visage were presented as curiosities or miracles. Some cases were so incredible therefore their appearances gave an impulse for creating an artwork. The images were popular between all social levels, were collected by townspeople, scientists, nobles and kings. The dissertation thesis "Homo deformis". The fascination by appearance of deformed human body in the Czech lands between 1526-1620 aims to explore how the phenomen of human curiosities was reflected in early modern visual art in the Czech lands. This dissertation thesis bases on individual examples of human monstrosity in various art forms as an portraits, allegories, scientific illustrations and pamphlets. It exams images of abnormal disabled people between 1526-1620 and focuses on they symbolic meaning, aesthetic interpretation. It summarizes the knowlege about perceptions of depicted abnormal persons in 16th century. It also shows the Early modern society reactions about "homo deformis", their everydayness and social status. This thesis studies reasons why the disabled body was a kind an inspiration for artists. It examines ii the artists of 16th century were able to picture cases of physicality deformed bodies anatomically correctly. It...
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The French Pox in the 16th Century Medical Consilia
Divišová, Bohdana ; Černý, Karel (advisor) ; Žalud, Zdeněk (referee) ; Čornejová, Ivana (referee)
Summary: Consilia played an important role in medieval but also early modern professional health literature. Literary "consilium" contained a written statement of one particular case, the patient's condition and disease as well as advice on a medical procedure where a doctor in accordance with the contemporary discourse analyzed symptoms, determined the diagnosis, prognosis and recommended its pharmacological treatment including possible technical interventions (venesection etc.). In the 16th century, the Consilia Literature was a common part of many eminent physicians' practice whereas nowadays it is unjustly neglected source of history of medicine, pharmacology, dietetics and so on. The first part of the dissertation is devoted to the definition of genre, the initial stages of its development and description of the specifics of the Middle Ages. However the results of fifteen eminent physicians of Italy (B. Vettori, G. B. Da Monte, V. Trincavelli, A. M. Venusti, G. Capodivaccio, C. Guarinoni), France (J. Fernel, G. de Baillou) and of the German-speaking areas of Central Europe (J. Crato, R. Solenander, L. Scholz, D. Cornarius, J. Wittich, T. Mermann, J. Matthaeus), became the main theme of work of early modern consultative collections. On examination of nearly seven thousand consilia from twenty two...
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The French Pox in the 16th Century Medical Consilia
Divišová, Bohdana ; Černý, Karel (advisor) ; Žalud, Zdeněk (referee) ; Čornejová, Ivana (referee)
Summary: Consilia played an important role in medieval but also early modern professional health literature. Literary "consilium" contained a written statement of one particular case, the patient's condition and disease as well as advice on a medical procedure where a doctor in accordance with the contemporary discourse analyzed symptoms, determined the diagnosis, prognosis and recommended its pharmacological treatment including possible technical interventions (venesection etc.). In the 16th century, the Consilia Literature was a common part of many eminent physicians' practice whereas nowadays it is unjustly neglected source of history of medicine, pharmacology, dietetics and so on. The first part of the dissertation is devoted to the definition of genre, the initial stages of its development and description of the specifics of the Middle Ages. However the results of fifteen eminent physicians of Italy (B. Vettori, G. B. Da Monte, V. Trincavelli, A. M. Venusti, G. Capodivaccio, C. Guarinoni), France (J. Fernel, G. de Baillou) and of the German-speaking areas of Central Europe (J. Crato, R. Solenander, L. Scholz, D. Cornarius, J. Wittich, T. Mermann, J. Matthaeus), became the main theme of work of early modern consultative collections. On examination of nearly seven thousand consilia from twenty two...
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