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Determination of selected nutritional parameters in the fruit of the plant genus Ribes
Ledvina, Vojtěch ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the small fruit representatives from the plant genus Ribes L. - currant, gooseberry and jostaberry. The beginning of theoretical part describes history of cultivation and basic botanical description of individual cultivars. The next part describes important substances contained in fruit as well as their importance in human diet and it also describes some basic products made of the Ribes L. genus representatives. The final section of the theoretical part contains basic principal of determination of individual nutritional parameters. In the experimental part several nutritional parameters were determined including dry matter, soluble solids, pH, titratable acids, formol number, reducing sugars and total phenolics. Individual species and cultivars were compared based on the results.
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Comparison of extraction methods for agriculture soil elemental analysis
Štursa, Václav ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis handles with optimization of preparation process of soil samples from vineyards for elemental analysis performed by ICP-MS. First part of the thesis deals with element analysis and its usage in agrotechnics and viticulture, description of toxic and nutrition properties of individual elements and legislation defining appropriate concentration limits of elements in agricultural land. Next part describes commonly used methods for elemental analysis such as AES, AAS, roentgen fluorescence spectrometry and ICP-MS. Finally, sampling methods and methods for sample preparation such as digestion and extraction are described. Experimental part follows up comparison of selected extraction methods (2M HNO3 extraction, temperature assisted 2M HNO3 extraction, aqua regia extraction and microwave-assisted digestion using mixture of HNO3 and H2O2). These methods were applied on certified reference materials. Extracts were analysed by ICP-MS technique Best results were achieved by 2M HNO3 extraction. This extraction method was subsequently applied on real soil samples from vineyard.
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Analysis of wine by modern analytical methods
Škařupa, Přemysl ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This work is dedicated to the analysis of wines using modern analytical methods. The theme is divided into two chapters. The first part deals with the chemical composition of wine from major components to the elements in trace amounts. The second part gives an overview of the most important modern analytical methods used for analysis of individual compounds in the wine and evaluated these methods in term of various parameters.
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Speciation and fractionation analysis of metals in agricultural soils
Lepař, Petr ; Mládková, Zuzana (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the procedures and analytical techniques associated with speciation analysis and fractionation of metals in agricultural soils. The first part defines the basic concepts related to speciation, fractionation, soils and elements contained within it. The following chapters describe procedures of samples withdrawal and its adjustment including a description of some methods used for the purpose of extraction, fractionation and speciation analysis. The last chapter is devoted to listing of some separation techniques and instrumental methods used for the purposes of speciation and fractionation.
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Dyes of red and white wine cultivars
Peprná, Tereza ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
Theoretical part of this bachelor thesis contains informations about dyes of red and white grape species. At the beginning there is described component composition of grape berry. The biggest attention was paid to colour of red wine species. It deals with their common characterization, stabilization of their behaviour during production and storage wine. This work includes short recherche of their determination methods. Than there are mentioned colour of white wine cultivars. In another chapter there are described process of freeze drying otherwise lyophilization procedure. This method was used in experimental part while grape sample manufacturing. Grapes were immediately frozed on the dry ice after their separation. Skins were separated from pulp in nitrogen atmosphere and than these skins were lyophilizated.
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Detection methods of energetic materials
Procházka, Michal ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Friedl, Zdeněk (advisor)
A research on current methods of detection of explosives and related materials was made. At first the thesis studies methods of detection and analysis of explosives including chromatographic methods (TLC, GC, HPLC, IC), mass spectrometry and its variations, ion mobility spectrometry and infra-red spectroscopy. Next the attention is placed on detection of explosives in solid phase by X-ray detection, nuclear magnetic and quadrupole resonance and thermal neutron activation. Practical applications of these methods are of great importance in this thesis as well as their usage in the counterterrorist fight.
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Cycling of selected metals in the environment.
Šebková, Michaela ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Dočekalová, Hana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with a group of selected metals (nickel, zinc, copper, cadmium and lead) in environmental components. It occupies with natural and anthropogenic inputs of metals to the atmosphere, the water und the soil and with their transport among them components. It engages too in a question of a penetration of metals to the biosphere and in their ensuant transport within the biosphere. At each metal is description of its natural sources, chemical and physical properties, inputs in environment, transport within the biosphere and positive and negative effects on living organism is described for each studied metal. The last chapter of this thesis deals with determination of selected metals in environmental components. It discribes procedures of determination from planning over sampling and processing of sample to the final determination of metals by instrumental methods.
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Cycling of mercury and mercury species in the environment
Finsterlová, Hana ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Dočekalová, Hana (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the role of mercury in an environment. It summarizes informations about properties of mercury and its species. The thesis is engaged in the presence of mercury in atmosphere, water, soil and sediments. It deals with individual mercury intakes into the environment, anthropogenic or natural, and it follows transport of mercury between individual components of environment. Part of this thesis is given to the accumulation of mercury and mercury species into plants and organisms. It points out the toxicity of mercury, mercury species, and their effect to human organism. In the last chapter there is a resume and description of the instrumantal methods, which are commonly used for determination mercury and its compounds.
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