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The policy of the United States in the Indian Subcontinent and their mediation potential in the Indo-Pakistani conflict
Kubini, Kamila ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
The main aim of the thesis "The policy of the United States in the Indian subcontinent and their mediation potential in the Indo-Pakistani conflict" is to assess the essence of the US-Indian and US-Pakistani foreign agendas a the influence of interaction among these countries on the state of Indo-Pakistani relations. The conflict between India and Pakistan is one of the most durable conflicts in the world and it has regularly proved resistant to resolution. The strengthening of the US ties with these countries has inspired certain optimism pertaining to their mediation potential in the conflict. This diploma thesis seeks to capture the content of US-Indian and US-Pakistani relations, comprehend their nature, and identify the position of the Indo-Pakistani conflict resolution in their agenda. It argues, that the Indo-Pakistani conflict resolution represents an important part of their agendas with Washington and that the US have acquired sufficient potential and are interested enough to at least partial influence this matter.
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Change of the Concept of Terrorism in Practise
Pejcha, Zdeněk ; Makariusová, Radana (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis demonstrates the general change of theoretical concept of terrorism. The general concept of terrorism is divided into two "subsections": "old" terrorism and "new" terrorism. These two subsections are different in their basic characteristics. So the general change between the "old" and "new" terrorism is illustrated using the four cases of terrorist groups (Irish Republican Army, Basque Homeland and Freedom, Hamas and al Qaeda). In order to make successful demonstration of the change of the theoretical concept of terrorism the author chose three variables. These variables are: structure of organization, ideology or aim and methods of terrorist attack. The basic assumption is that these three variables are very helpful in order to depicture the changes in the framework of the terrorist groups and also the general change of the theoretical concept of terrorism
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Consociationalism as a Possible Solution of Conflicts in Segmented Societies: The Case of Lebanon and Northern Ireland
Klevarová, Kateřina ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Mrklas, Ladislav (referee)
The Master's thesis "Consociationalism as a Possible Solution of Conflicts in Segmented Societies: The Case of Lebanon and Northern Ireland" deals with suitability of consociational model in fragmented societies. By means of the comparative studies of Lebanon and Northern Ireland the author considered possibility to apply the system in countries or regions, which experienced long lasting internal conflict or civil war. The conclusion of the essay is that consociational model is a possible solution of conflicts in segmented societies. However the analysis of the peace process in both cases revealed the importance of external factors, which can contribute to the final implementation of the model. The link between collective identities and interests revealed the requirement of sufficient motivation for elite to engage in power sharing and to take the tough decisions conducive to inter-ethnic political accommodation. This pressure should come in the form of coercive external forces. However, it is necessary to consider the dynamics of the system, which is rigid and it will need certain modifications in the future.
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Caspian Gas Supplies: An Oportunity of EU Energy Diversification?
Temirbulatova, Diana ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
Today, energy security is a thorny issue for the European Union: levels of energy consumption are growing rapidly, while indigenous reserves are diminishing. The European Union seeks to diversify its energy suppliers, because overdependence on single supplier can undermine its energy security. Russia, the major supplier of gas to the EU, has demonstrated itself as unreliable energy supplier as a result of 2006 and 2009 disruptions. The Caspian region is seen as one of the options of gas supply diversification, and therefore the EU is making efforts to create pipeline route to supply Caspian gas bypassing Russia. Some European politicians agree that creation of such pipeline route could help Europe to lower dependence its dependence on gas supplies from Russia, and enhence European energy security. According to plan, the route should consist of three pipelines: TCGP, South Caucasus pipeline and Nabucco. The present research aims to define, whether the idea of Caspian gas supplies to the EU could contribute to European energy security and EU energy diversification. Given the confusion between those who predict that successful implementation of TCGP and Nabucco projects would guarantee better energy security for Europe and those who has doubts that construction of an energy bridge over the Caspian Sea can ever...
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Nagorno-Karabakh: Ethnopolitics and Geopolitics of Conflict
Ditrych, Ondřej ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the relationship between ethnopolitics (defined by a raised demand of political autonomy for a community delimited along ethnical lines) and geopolitics (spatial definition and pursuing of national interests, determined by power) in what is one of most serious conflicts in post-Soviet space - Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. Structure of the thesis is dialectical. Firstly, it defines terms such as conflict, conflict resolution or security, which will be used in the rest of the paper. Then, the conflict is placed into a spatial context, be it in its physical/material or spiritual/historical dimension. An effort is made to contextually embed Nagorno- Karabakh into the region of South Caucasus - whose politics has for centuries been shaped by conflicting interests of great powers - and to present a detailed projection of the disputed territory; not merely that of Nagorno-Karabakh itself, but also that of adjacent raions, whose total area is almost double in comparison. The main argument of this section is that the value of Nagorno-Karabakh rests not in the material realm - a dispute over "scarce resources" - but rather in the spiritual one, for is is perceived by the parties to the conflict as a "territorialization of national memory", or a constitutive element...
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Chechnya as Russia's dangerous frontier: On the Nature of Suicide Terrorism
Loginova, Karyna ; Valková, Irena (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
Ever since World War II up to the 80`s the world had not witnessed any form of suicide terrorism. Since then the rate of such attacks have been growing on a global level. Nowadays, suicide terrorism is one of the most researched and still not fully explained syndromes that imposes threat to nations, societies, individuals, groups, governments and other parties. Many studies and analyses focus on determining the reasons and the motives for such acts, including the damages that suicide terrorism causes on global level. There have been multiple variables determined as key factors influencing suicide terrorism, including religion, political occupation, nationalism and many others, yet there is no single answer as to why organizations and/or individuals decide on such radical tactic. Thus, as a modern phenomenon, suicide terrorism triggers the analysis from several perspectives of the individual, organizational and psychological background. This master thesis deals with the case study of Chechen suicide terrorism and its implications in the studies of suicide terrorism. The main focus of the research is on determining main motives and reasons of Chechnya to use suicide bombing against Russia. The analysis uses the Robert Pape's theory on suicide terrorism and done by using qualitative research, with...
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The Final Externalization of the Others and its Consequences for the Turkish Foreign Policy
Chvátal, Viktor ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of Turkish Foreign Policy (TFP) towards the sub- regions of Central Eurasia (the Middle East and Central Asia) in the period between 1991 and 2010. Theoretically, this thesis combines a modified version of social constructivism with the assumptions of critical geopolitics. Interconnecting social constructivism with the Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA), this thesis targets the domestic level of analysis. Therefore, the ideational background of the decision-makers is examined. Although, the potential impact of the identity variable on the TFP articulation is investigated after 1991 only, the genesis of the long-term identity conflict within the Turkish (Ottoman) society is also included in the analyses. Given the geopolitical part, this thesis draws upon the basic critical insight that the geopolitical argumentation is based on discursive rather than material factors. The aim is to identify the geopolitical metaphors which had been, in the examined period, applied while dealing with the above mentioned sub-regions. At this stage, the theoretical approaches are logically synthetized and the genesis and usage of the geopolitical metaphors is examined in relation to the identity of those who formulated them. This diploma thesis proves that the identity conflict...
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State-building and developing governance capacity in East Timor
Šestáková, Michaela ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma thesis elaborates on state-building in the form of a case study of East Timor. East Timor has hosted an international state-building intervention as a result of the lack of governance capacity. East Timor is not the first case of a failed state with implied international state-building, but applied transitional administration in this format is unique. The United Nations established UNTAET with a finite time period which has been prolonged twice since May 2002. This thesis examines international state-building and its linkage with local participation and ownership. The goal of the thesis is to determine whether the peace-building in East Timor was successful. It continues with the second research question regarding the main aspects of state-building which helped to enhance performance in governance and public administration areas. Using Fukuyama's theoretical background, this thesis builds a hypothesis on the notion, that aspects which helped enhance performance are those connected with local participation and ownership. The method of the research is process tracing between autumn 1999 to May 2002, when the independent state of Timor-Leste was established. Although UNTAET was successful in creating institutional and process bases in areas of governance and public administration, local...
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Delegitimization of the West in Al Qaeda's Magazine Inspire
Brzá, Magdaléna ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
The Master's thesis Delegitimization of the west in Al Qaeda's Magazine Inspire focuses on the techniques of terrorist group's propaganda aimed at individuals of Arab descent and Islam faith residing in one of the western countries. Thesis analyses sixteen issues of digital magazine Inspire published since 2010 by Al Qaeda affiliate in Yemen called AQAP - Al Qaeda in Arabian Peninsula. Terrorist attacks by so called lone-wolfs on the territory of western states have had increasing tendency in the last decade. The phenomenon of online propaganda and radicalisation through social networks is progressively becoming one of the major challenges for western security services. Grasping the sociological and psychological aspects of lone wolfs' drivers for conducting terrorist attacks is thus crucial. The underpinning theory of the thesis is framing analysis together with the concept of delegitimization. Thesis traces the production and use of five framing tools - metaphor, catchphrases, depiction, exemplars and visual images (which are the combination of studies done by Fairhurst & Sarr and Gamson & Modigliani 1989). Second part of the thesis links the framing tools with three stages of the delegitimization of the west - a crisis of confidence, a conflict of legitimacy and a crisis of legitimacy. The...
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Ethical Apects of internatiol relation (Lockean perspective)
Gregárek, Matěj ; Kratochvíl, Petr (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
Ethics in the international relations is usually based on the assumption that states represents an ethically relevant subject. The thesis challenges the assuption, that existing states could be legitimized on the general principles of universal ethics in any other way than as a "realm of necessity" and inquires the conseqeuncesof the lack of domestic legitimity on the ethical assertion of the state's conduct abroad.
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