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Criminal regulation of the protection of life and health in the Czech republic and Ukraine
Rizak, Olena ; Vokoun, Rudolf (advisor) ; Císařová, Dagmar (referee)
The submitted thesis deals with criminal law regarding protection of human life and health in Czech Republic and in the Ukraine. This thesis defines in detail the right to life and health from prOSpective of criminal law in both countries. It further represents the views of single crimes focused on life and health and compares legislation in the Ukraine and in Czech republic. The main part of the work is dealing with the most dangerous crime against life murder (homicide). Murder is the intentional causing of death to another person. Ukrainian criminal law and new Criminal Law of Czech republic also recognizes infliction of death by negligence, where subjective aspect of offender is negligence. There are also three type of privileged homicide: o the killing by a mother of her newborn child during or immediately after childbirth, or the killing by a mother of her newborn child in a mentally traumatizing situation or in a state of mental disorder that does not reach in sanity; o committed in a state of sudden strong mental agitation (temporary insanity), caused by violence, mockery, or gross insult on the part of the victim, or by other unlawful or amoral actions (inaction) of the victim, or by a protracted mentally traumatizing situation caused in connection with the systematic unlawful or amoral behavior of...
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Euthanasia and criminal law
Studenovský, Miloš ; Císařová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
Euthanasia and criminal law If we wish to speak about euthanasia, it is necessary to say, what really mean this term. The noun "euthanasia" came from Greek language and it is composed from two Greek nouns, "eu" and "thanatos". The noun "eu" mean good and the noun "thanatos" mean dead. Euthanasia can be also translated as a good dead. View of euthanasia in the history was different. In antiquity people look at euthanasia otherwise than Christian society. About euthanasia spoke Nazis too, but the really term euthanasia is different from horrible Nazi policy. Nowadays is term euthanasia use for speaking about put to death patients in the finally stadium of their incurable illnesses. Euthanasia can be divided into three situations. Accordingly we speak about three kinds of euthanasia, passive euthanasia, active direct euthanasia and active indirect euthanasia. About passive euthanasia we speak in situations, when incurable ill patient refused medical help and owing to he died. Patient's dead come naturally without some assistance from the part of medical staff. In majority of states is passive euthanasia respected and it is practise in accordance with laws. As active indirect euthanasia is indicated situation, when patient died because of rise dose of medicaments. It is usual, that patients use some...
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The informed consent of a patient
Semrád, Václav ; Císařová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Sovová, Olga (referee)
58 Informed Consent of Patient 8 Summary Informed consent of patient is as a legal concept excercised in health service on daily basis. Its importance for consumers of medical services oscillates from trivial act that does not require any special attention to crucial decisions, that shall determine further period of patient's life. Significance of cosnent is given by nature of medical situation with which particular patient comes across. Current legal framework is based on both-international and national rules of law. The first are represented by International Convention218 that stipulates fundamental principles, the latter more specificaly elaborates further details of the whole concept. Consent on patient with medical intervention historicaly went through several stages. In the course of own developement was closely related to providing the patient with information. In ancient and medieval times was not usuall that physician informed his patient comprehensively. Means of treatment and their efficiency were rather limited and many diseases and injuries that recent medicine considers as curable lead often to fatal consquences. Maintenance of faith and resolution of patient to fight with adversity seemed to be crucial within such conditions. As a condition of medical intervention was consent introduced by...
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Topical issues of the confidentiality duty of medical personnel
Charvátová, Anna ; Sovová, Olga (advisor) ; Císařová, Dagmar (referee)
Povinná mlčenlivost, zejména ve zdravotnictví, ale obecně i v dalších regulovaných povoláních, je v poslední době, zvláště v souvislosti s některými trestními kauzami jak zdravotnických pracovníků, tak v oblasti advokacie či obecněji justice, velmi diskutována. Otázky povinné mlčenlivosti jsou o to složitější, že jsou spojeny nejen s rovinou právní, ale i etickou. Institut povinné mlčenlivosti slouží v našem právním řádu k ochraně celospolečenských i individuálních zájmů2 a zejména v souvislosti s profesemi, jejichž úkolem je poskytovat služby v oblastech, ve kterých se často seznamují i s tzv. citlivými údaji a informacemi, je nutno zabezpečit, aby tyto znalosti nemohly být zveřejněny. V zájmu svých klientů mají příslušníci profesních komor uložena zákonem omezení v možnosti použít získané informace.3 Povinná mlčenlivost je zdůrazňována rovněž ve stavovských předpisech a je jedním ze základů profesní etiky. Institut povinné mlčenlivosti je ve zdravotnictví pojednáván především jako právo pacienta na zachování důvěrnosti o jeho zdravotním stavu, což je jeho soukromou oblastí. Institut povinné mlčenlivosti rovněž chrání zdravotnické pracovníky před neopodstatněnými zásahy státní moci do výkonu jejich zdravotnického povolání. Formou takového zásahu může být i požadování informací nejen o zdravotním stavu...
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Public health insurance and its new legislative conception in the Czech legal order
Novotná, Lenka ; Císařová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Sovová, Olga (referee)
This thesis is focused on current public health insurance system in Czech Republic and its possible future changes according to the proposals of the present government. The term "public health insurance" does not necessarily imply that the system is administered by public body (or bodies); it rather refers to the fact that the health insurance scheme in Czech Republic is designed to be a social and mandatory system based on solidarity of insured and plurality of health insurers. All members of the system are regularly contributing according to their possibilities. Their contribution is monthly redistributed among health insurance companies according to the risk adjustment scheme. That ensures that the health insurers get more money for diseased insured and so they don't have motivation to risk selection. As a result, all diseased should be getting every health care they need. Such systems are also often called statutory health insurance schemes. Nowadays, Czech Republic faces several problems related to this area. Czech health insurers are owned neither by the state, nor by anyone else. That brings a lot of uncertainty into the system, because there is no one responsible for the economic results of health insurance companies. As a result of that, a huge amount of financial resources is spent needlessly. On...
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