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Characteristic position of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the European Union illustated on the event of British rebate
Brožová, Lucie ; Rovná, Lenka (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
This thesis deals with the problem of British attitude towards European integration. The relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union is described via the existence of a phenomenon of British European budget rebate. The budget rebate is a British reduction in price of the cost of contribution annually sent to the common European Union's budget. It was won by the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in Fontainebleau Summit in 1984. The main reason for giving Great Britain this privilege was the fact that the UK was one of the biggest net contributor to the budget. On the other hand, the UK received too little from the budget because it had only a small agricultural sector. The European budget was aimed primarily for subsidising the European farmers. The UK's annual VAT-based contribution to the European budget is reduced according to a formula first set out in the Fontainebleau Agreement. This reduction is equal to 66 % of the difference between what the UK pay for the EC budget and the receipts, which the UK gets back. But, the rebate applies only as for spending within the EU and the British contribution is calculated as if the budget were financed only by VAT. The European Commission is responsible for determining and calculating the amount of the UK's abatement. It is generally calculated...
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Characteristic stance of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in EU illustrated on the example of British rebate
Brožová, Lucie ; Rovná, Lenka (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
This thesis deals with the problem of British attitude towards European integration. The relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union is described via the existence of a phenomenon of British European budget rebate. The budget rebate is a British reduction in price of the cost of contribution annually sent to the common European Union's budget. It was won by the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in Fontainebleau Summit in 1984. The main reason for giving Great Britain this privilege was the fact that the UK was one of the biggest net contributor to the budget. On the other hand, the UK received too little from the budget because it had only a small agricultural sector. The European budget was aimed primarily for subsidising the European farmers. The UK's annual VAT-based contribution to the European budget is reduced according to a formula first set out in the Fontainebleau Agreement. This reduction is equal to 66 % of the difference between what the UK pay for the EC budget and the receipts, which the UK gets back. But, the rebate applies only as for spending within the EU and the British contribution is calculated as if the budget were financed only by VAT. The European Commission is responsible for determining and calculating the amount of the UK's abatement. It is generally calculated...
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Characteristic stance of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in EU illustrated on the example of British rebate
Brožová, Lucie ; Rovná, Lenka (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
This thesis deals with the problem of British attitude towards European integration. The relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union is described via the existence of a phenomenon of British European budget rebate. The budget rebate is a British reduction in price of the cost of contribution annually sent to the common European Union's budget. It was won by the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in Fontainebleau Summit in 1984. The main reason for giving Great Britain this privilege was the fact that the UK was one of the biggest net contributor to the budget. On the other hand, the UK received too little from the budget because it had only a small agricultural sector. The European budget was aimed primarily for subsidising the European farmers. The UK's annual VAT-based contribution to the European budget is reduced according to a formula first set out in the Fontainebleau Agreement. This reduction is equal to 66 % of the difference between what the UK pay for the EC budget and the receipts, which the UK gets back. But, the rebate applies only as for spending within the EU and the British contribution is calculated as if the budget were financed only by VAT. The European Commission is responsible for determining and calculating the amount of the UK's abatement. It is generally calculated...
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Rapprochement of France and Britain as a condition of British membership of the EEC: Franco-British relations 1967-1972
Brožová, Lucie ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Tomalová, Eliška (referee)
Bachelor's thesis "Franco-British relations 1967-1972: Rapprochement of France and Britain as a condition of British membership of the EEC" deals with development of franco- british relations at the time when Britain sought to join EC and France opposed to it. Study concerns a period which starts in 1967 when Charles de Gaulle vetoed the british application for the second, and which terminate in 1972 when was successfully signed the treaty of association. During the first part of this era the realationship of these both states was worsening which was demonstrated by affair called Soames Affair. In the next part they reached an enexpected agreement and they started to callaborate. It was one of the factors which enabled EC to enlarged the first time. Text refers to historical background of the events and then it indentify a change of the relationships in the three differnt areas. First it analyzes personal changes. The most importantly it was Geroges Pompidou who became french president after de Gaulle had resigned and Edward Heath who was elected british Prime Minister. The following chapter describes french and british foreign policy and their political-strategic goal. The final passage outlines the events and processes which were going on in the rest of world and which had impact on the two...
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Characteristic position of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the European Union illustated on the event of British rebate
Brožová, Lucie ; Rovná, Lenka (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
This thesis deals with the problem of British attitude towards European integration. The relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union is described via the existence of a phenomenon of British European budget rebate. The budget rebate is a British reduction in price of the cost of contribution annually sent to the common European Union's budget. It was won by the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in Fontainebleau Summit in 1984. The main reason for giving Great Britain this privilege was the fact that the UK was one of the biggest net contributor to the budget. On the other hand, the UK received too little from the budget because it had only a small agricultural sector. The European budget was aimed primarily for subsidising the European farmers. The UK's annual VAT-based contribution to the European budget is reduced according to a formula first set out in the Fontainebleau Agreement. This reduction is equal to 66 % of the difference between what the UK pay for the EC budget and the receipts, which the UK gets back. But, the rebate applies only as for spending within the EU and the British contribution is calculated as if the budget were financed only by VAT. The European Commission is responsible for determining and calculating the amount of the UK's abatement. It is generally calculated...
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Impacts of FSC Certification System Application on Forestry Economics in Krkonoše National Park Management
Brožová, Lucie ; Šišák, Luděk (advisor) ; Martin, Martin (referee)
Krkonoše National Park (KRNAP) is in the Czech Republic the only national park with the FSC certificate, which means that forests are managed by an ecologically friendly way. Therefore, the aim of bachelor thesis was to find out economic impacts to the KRNAP forestry economics after introduction of the FSC certification system. For these purposes, there were selected two periods, namely the years 2006-2008 as a period before the introduction of the certification system, and after the certification introduction in 2009-2011. There were monitored various indicators, and presented in the forms of tables and graphs that clearly showed results of the investigation. Based on comparison the two periods, there were found insignificant economic differences. This was supported substantially by the fact that KRNAP Administration began with the ecological friendly management of forests in the Park already in 2003 because they realized the need of change in the management.
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Fiscal Behaviour of municipality within Economic Cycle
BROŽOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this thesis is to identify fiscal behaviour of municipalities in the Czech Republic within economic cycle. The starting point of this thesis is that municipalities do not have the responsibility for macroeconomic stability, unlike the central level of government, and their preference is sustainability of its own budget. Absence of a motivation for implementing the countercyclical policy leads to a consideration that the behaviour of municipalities is rather procyclical. For the analysis there were used datas of 325 municipalities during the time from 2001 to 2014. The research was designed to test the dependence of the budgetary indicator on the output gap. As a method of exploration there was used the panel regression analysis with random effects estimate for help with robust standard errors in the version of White cross-section method. The results confirmed a statistically significant effect of the output gap on the budgetary indicators, tax revenues, tax on personal income from self-employment and capital expenditures. With the growth of the output gap also tax revenues and revenues from taxes on a personal income from self-employment are growing. With the growth of the output gap capital expenditures are declining. These budgetary indicators are developed countercyclical. A statistically significant effect of the output gap on the other budgetary indicators failed to prove. The main hypothesis of this thesis is not rejected. Budgetary behaviour municipalities in the Czech Republic is influenced by the economic cycle. Fiscal behaviour of municipalities in the Czech Republic within economic cycle is countercyclical.
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The political budget cycle cities in Czech Republic
BROŽOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this work is to find and evaluate the existence of a political budget cycle in cities in Czech Republic. For the analysis was used data 21 statutory towns in the period from 2001 to 2012. The research was conducted so that test the dependence of the fi-nancial indicators of the electoral cycle. As a method of exploration was used the panel regression with fixed effects. The results confirmed the dependence of local taxes, capi-tal income and capital expenditure for the election cycle. Revenues from local taxes are lower in the pre-election and the election year. Income from capital income is higher in the pre-election and the election year and the income from capital expenditures is higher in the pre-election and the election year. For budgetary indicators of immovable proper-ty tax, non-tax revenue and current expenditure the electoral cycle was not confirmed. The research hypothesis was confirmed, since the development of the municipal budget through local taxation, capital income and capital expenditure are influenced by the electoral cycle. In the Czech Republic at the municipal level the political budget cycle is presented.
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