|
|
Advanced removal methods of matter difficult to coagulate during drinking water treatment
Fialová, Kateřina ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Mašín, Pavel (referee) ; Brányik, Tomáš (referee)
Nowadays, drinking water treatment (DWT) is becoming more and more challenging due to the increasing anthropogenic pollution as well as due to the impacts of climate change. Water sources commonly comprise a cocktail of undesirable substances, the removal of which by the conventional DWT process based on coagulation/flocculation is often insufficient. This dissertation deals with advanced removal methods, particularly adsorption, usable for difficult to coagulate substances during DWT. Particular emphasis is placed on removing manganese, algal organic matter (AOM), and per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). Additionally, in the case of emerging anthropogenic pollutants, attention was also paid to their occurrence and interactions in water. As part of the research, a new TiO2-based adsorbent was synthesized for Mn2+ removal. Since the prepared adsorbent showed high Mn2+ removal efficiency in a much wider range of pH values compared to the conventional demanganization method, which requires very high pH values, it could serve as a suitable alternative demanganization method. Regarding the removal of AOM, the influence of solution properties on its adsorption onto different types of granular activated carbon (GAC) was thoroughly investigated. It was found that the efficiency of AOM...
|
|
|
Characterisation and elimination of compounds difficult to remove during water treatment
Čermáková, Lenka ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Sochorová, Helena (referee) ; Brányik, Tomáš (referee)
The Ph.D. thesis deals with the characterization of algal organic matter (AOM), which is difficult to remove in water treatment, and on the basis of AOM character, various methods for its elimination, e.g. coagulation, oxidation with subsequent coagulation and adsorption onto activated carbon are assesed. Special emphasis is placed on identifying the optimal conditions of the processes and on describing the mechanisms and interactions involved. In terms of anthropogenic micropollutants, the thesis deals with the highly topical issue of the occurrence of microplastics in water. It was found that the removal efficiency of the individual AOM components varies substantially depending on the elimination method used. The identified optimum conditions of individual methods and especially the mechanisms that apply to the removal of target substances varied widely. The non-proteinaceous fraction of AOM was removed with very low efficiency (max. 25%) by conventional coagulation even under optimized conditions (pH 6.6- 7.5 for aluminium sulfate as the coagulating agent and pH 7.5-9.0 for polyaluminium chloride) and it was given by the high content of low molecular weight (LMW) substances that are difficult to coagulate. The dominant coagulation mechanism was adsorption onto aluminium hydroxide precipitates....
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Influence of Physicochemical Factors on Gushing Mechanism
Poštulková, Michaela ; Novák, Pavel ; Vitoušová, K. ; Brányik, T. ; Růžička, Marek
Gushing is a negative phenomenon when a foam spontaneously gush out when a bottle or can is opened. Despite a long-term research the gushing still has not been fully explained. The problem of gushing is its seasonal variability, depending on the raw materials and processing technology. In addition, gushing intensity may change over the years. Furthermore, gushing also related to the fact that there is no simple and inexpensive method for measuring. The aim of this work was to find a suitable gushing matrix which could be helpful to study gushing in a new experimental pressure equipment. Simple and inexpensive apparatus was built for the study of overfoaming beer. The valve system (placed on the pressure equipment) control outlet/inlet gas and liquid phase. The pressure and temperature sensors can be also connected to the equipment. It is also possible to regulate the rate of decrease gas pressure above the liquid - the sudden reduction ideally simulates the classic opening beer bottles. A model solution of gushing liquid was created and the influence of the temperature, pressure and pH on the intensity of gushing was measured.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22013110513040 - PDF
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
