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Microcalorimetric study of bacterial degradation of oil and its products
Bola, Tomáš ; Benešová, Pavla (referee) ; Krouská, Jitka (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with a study of the oil degradation as one of the possible products of petroleum using bacterial stems Pseudomonas Putida a Pseudomonas Chlororaphis. The work is motivated by the research of usability of a method which has not been used for those purposes so far – calorimetric analysis. Using IČ spektrometry (ATR), calorimetry and UV-VIS spectrometry was studied a degree and a character of interactions. Calorimetric analysis showed that the Pseudomonas Putida has bigger abbility of the degradability than Pseudomonas Chlororaphis. There was also detected that the optimal concentration for more effective degradation of oil fuel is 5 g/l and 20 g/l. By measurement of the absorbance deppending on time was verified that the bigger is the concentration of the sample, the higher is the resulted absorbance. Using UV-VIS analysis was determined a quantity of biomass. Using IČ spectometry in the ATR mode (reduced reflectance) was detected structure of the sample and also verified that the bacterial cultures Pseudomonas Putida and Chlororaphis degradated entire amount of petroleum.
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Connection between stress resistance of bacteria to temperature-mediated stress and PHA accumulating ability
Nováčková, Ivana ; Benešová, Pavla (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the involvement of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) into the stress response of bacteria, specifically when they are exposed to temperature-mediated stress. The theoretical part focuses on the stress response of bacteria in general, the mechanism of response to temperature-mediated stress and PHA involvement into the stress response. The aim of experimental work was to study the correlation between the amount of PHA in the biomass of the bacteria and their viability after exposure to temperature-mediated stress. PHA producing bacterial strains Cupriavidus necator H16, Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia sacchari and non-producing mutant strain Cupriavidus necator PHB4 were used for experimental work. Bacteria accumulated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), the amount of PHB in the biomass was determined by gas chromatography with FID. Viability of live bacterial cells and cells after exposure to temperature-mediated stress was determined by using flow cytometry. It turned out that the content of PHB in biomass assists bacteria to resist the freezing shock. By comparing the viability of bacteria C. necator H16 and C. necator PHB4 after exposure to multiple stresses it also has been observed that PHB increased the resistance of cells against temperature-mediated stress and stress caused by low pH.
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Preparation and characterization of alcohol-free beers with different flavour
Benešová, Pavla ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with preparation and characterization of alcohol-free beers with different flavours. Five flavoured and four pure, commercially available beers were tested. Three alcohol-free beers were then selected and used for preparation of flavoured beers. Ingredients used for production of flavour were honey, raspberry, ginger and cranberry. Analysis was focused mainly on substances of phenolic nature. Flavoured beers were also tested in sensory analysis. Ingredients used for flavouring of beers and production of both alcoholic and alcohol-free beers are described in theoretical part of the thesis. Analysis of polyphenols, flavonoids, technological characteristics and anthocyanins was performed using spectrophotometric method. Phenolic substances were identified and quantified by HPLC/PDA. Ascorbic acid was analysed by HPLC-NH2/UV. Results proved an increase of polyphenols, ascorbic acid and anthocyanins during flavouring of alcohol-free beers in dependence of used ingredients. Sensory analysis showed that as the best rated was the Staropramen beer with raspberry flavour. On the contrary, flavoured Bernard beers were poorly rated.
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Preparation and stability of core-shell type organic micro- and nanoparticles
Byrtusová, Dana ; Benešová, Pavla (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on possibilities of encapsulation polyphenolic compounds in core-shell type organic micro- and nanoparticles. The theoretical part is aimed at characterization of polyphenolic compounds, their biological effects and their possibilities of encapsulation into various types of particles. The experimental part deals with the content of polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins in guarana, ginseng ang goji. Extracts from these samples were packed into liposomes and polysaccharide particles. Encapsulation´s effectiveness was determined spectrophotometrically. The stability of particles was monitored for size and stability by dynamic light scattering. The particles were exposed to the model body fluids and model food.
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Biotechnological production of polyhydroxyalkanoates using wastes of coffee production
Vašíčková, Monika ; Benešová, Pavla (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on study of production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by bacteria Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia sacchari. Production of PHA has been studied using spent coffee grounds hydrolysates which have been prepared by different aproaches. In the thesis is compared standard method of coffee ground hydrolysis by mineral acid followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Hydrolysates which have been produced were analyzed in terms of concentration of saccharides and efficiency of hydrolysis. The best producer of PHA (based on results) was bacterium Burkholderia cepacia, in the medium which has been prepared by hydrolysis of spent coffee grounds extracted by 60% solution of ethanol. Biomass yield of this cultivation was 3,553 g/l with 32,472% PHA content. This PHA contained 6,09% 3-hydroxyvalerate. In the other experiment, we verified alternative hydrolysis of spent coffee grounds – by commercially available enzymes. We used cellulase, hemicellulase and the enzymatic cocktail which has been produced by mould. Hemicellulase was the most effective hydrolytic enzyme and its application resulted in production of the highest amount of biomass – 5,708 g/l. In this cultivation, only homopolymer PHB has been which is probably caused by the fact, that during the enzymatic hydrolysis levulinic acid or any other potential precursor of 3HV is formed.
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Characterization of active substances in several kinds of beer
Benešová, Pavla ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse biologically active compounds, especially of phenolic character, in 10 kinds of alcohol-free beer in comparison with alcoholic beer. In theoretical part basic steps of brewery technology are described including alcohol-free beer production. Characteristic compounds occurring especially in Czech beer e.g. proteins, phenolics, bitter substances and also methods for their analysis are discussed as well. Microfluidic electrophoresis (Experion, BioRad) was used to beer protein analysis. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, technological characteristics and antioxidative activity were measured by spectophotometry. Individual phenolics of selected beers were identified and quantified by LC/ESI-MS analysis too. In alcohol-free beers similar concentrations of biologically active compounds were found in comparison with alcoholic beers, especially in the case of beer phenolics.
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Hella Heyman/Hammid
Benešová, Pavla ; Dias, Pavel (advisor) ; Musilová, Helena (referee)
Ve své teoretické bakalářské práci jsem se zaměřila na americkou fotografku Hellu Heyman/Hammid. Hella Hammid za svůj život vytvořila nespočetné množství dokumentárních fotografií s dětskou tematikou, které mají velký sociální i sociologický přesah. Její knižní ilustrace jsou důkazem toho, jak precizně zvládala zakázky, ale i svoji volnou tvorbu. Vypovídají o její schopnosti komunikovat s dětmi, ale i o její úžasné invenci a tvůrčí práci.
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The Writers for One Year (The Czech Literary Débutants 2001-2005)
BENEŠOVÁ, Pavla
The topic of this final work is Czech coming out writers. An introductory chapter briefly summarizes some basic questions. However, the biggest attention is paid to Czech debutants who started to create between years 2001 and 2005. At the same time they won the category Revelation of the Year in a literary competition called Magnesia Litera. That is why debuts of Hana Androniková, Petra Hůlová, Jonáš Tokajský and Martin Šmaus are deeper analysed. Finally, all important findings are summed up in a conclusion.
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Performance management in MobilKom, a.s.
Benešová, Pavla ; Stříteský, Marek (advisor) ; Šikýř, Martin (referee)
The thesis includes theoretical knowledge in matters of performance management issues as one of the promising management approaches. The thesis seeks to capture a comprehensive view of job performance and its relationship to other business processes and systems. In the first part of the thesis there are described the principles of performance management concept, methods and trends in performance management, motivation, planning, performance assessment, remuneration and staff development in relation to job performance. The second part focuses on the analysis of performance management in MobilKom, a.s. The aim of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate the performance management system in MobilKom, a. s. and formulation of proposals for its optimization.
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Communication and Social Barriers of the Unemployed
Benešová, Pavla ; Hubinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Lukeš, Martin (referee)
Teoretická část práce se soustřeďuje na význam práce pro člověka, zejména na vliv ztráty zaměstnání na psychiku, a to s důrazem na vznik komunikačních a sociálních bariér. Zaobírá se ovlivňujícím faktorem délky nezaměstnanosti, rizikovými skupinami, zapojením nezaměstnaných zpět do pracovního procesu. Specifikuje faktory, které ovlivňují návrat do zaměstnání a dále možnosti eliminace bariér u nezaměstnaných osob. Praktická část obsahuje shrnutí a analýzu výzkumu vzniku komunikačních a sociálních bariér u nezaměstnaných uskutečněného na Úřadu práce hl.m. Prahy, který byl provedem formou dotazníkového šetření.
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