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Dry grassland butterflies of European interest under climate changes (Colias myrmidone, Parnassius apollo, Phengaris arion)
Faltýnek Fric, Zdeněk ; Konvička, Martin ; Rindoš, Michal ; Sucháčková Bartoňová, Alena ; Spitzer, Lukáš ; Vrba, Pavel
The methodology summarizes the principles of the habitat conservation of several butterflies - Phengaris arion, Parnassius apollo and Colias myrmidone, species specialized to dry grasslands, rock screes and similar habitats, under different scenarios of climate change. Maps of future climatically suitable habitats are included, together with an analysis of the possibilities of assisted colonization.
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The impact of ambient ozone on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases of people living in Prague, 2002-2006
Řezáčová, Jana ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Bartoňová, Alena (referee)
Ambient ozone (O3) is one of significant components of atmospheric photochemical pollution. As a consequence of increasing emissions of its precursors and favourable meteorological conditions it is one of the most spread and most monitored atmosphere pollutants. O3 is a toxic gas unfavourably affecting human health. The study evaluates ambient ozone (O3) influence on the health of the people living in Prague, the capital of Czech Republic, during the period 2002-2006. Its specific theme is to investigate correlation between ambient ozone (O3) concentrations and daily mortality from all causes, daily mortality from cardiovascular diseases (diagnose I00-I99, ICD-10), daily mortality from respiratory diseases (diagnose J00-J99, ICD-10), daily hospitalizations from cardiovascular diseases (dg. I00-I99, ICD-10) and daily hospitalizations from respiratory diseases (dg. J00-J99, ICD-10). The correlations was evaluated via Poisson regression modelling, using generalized linear model procedure (GLM) in Stata program, allowing for overdispersion. Resulting correlations were adjusted to influence of climatic factors (temperature, humidity) and so-called calendar effects (long time trends, weekly runing days, holidays). Data analysis proved a statistically significant correlation between daily mortality from...
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The role of exposure assessment in development of risk reduction strategies for air quality
Bartoňová, Alena ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee)
The relationship between deteriorated outdoor air quality and human health is one of the most studied environmental health issues. The concept of exposure, the link between environmental status and human health, has emerged in the late 1970's, recognizing that fixed monitoring stations do not represent concentrations at the places where persons spend time. Many advances have been made since. Characterizing the individual's exposure reduces uncertainty in links with health, but it implies a question about how exposure (as opposed to directly using concentrations) can be used in the regulatory process. This thesis addresses exposure assessment from several perspectives, with the aim to address its role in air quality management. We are interested in how to use exposure information for policy- and decision making, we investigate if a European-level subgroup-based exposure estimate can provide useful information for designing differentiated measures to protect specific groups, we design an exposure estimate for risk assessment in a specific situation with limited health and air pollution data, and we describe the challenges of the inherent inter-disciplinarity and suggest how to deal with them. We introduce the "full chain" approach to environmental health that links policy - pollution source -...
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Factors influencing butterfly diversity of the species-rich Submediterranean region
BARTOŇOVÁ, Alena
This thesis focuses on the history, current state, and conservation of butterfly diversity in the Submediterranean grasslands and Palaearctic steppes. The thesis is introduced with the summary of Cenozoic history of the steppe biome in Eurasia. Then it consists of three studies. The first study describes butterfly communities and microhabitat selection of a steppe specialist butterfly Proterebia afra in two relic grassland areas in the Balkans. Based on genetic markers and samples covering the whole distribution ranges, the second and third studies assess the phylogeography of two steppe butterflies, P. afra and Pseudophilotes bavius, distributed in the Irano-Anatolian region, the Balkans, as well as the northern Palaearctic steppes.
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How universal are reserve design rules? A test using butterflies and their life history traits
BARTOŇOVÁ, Alena
This thesis uses butterfly species lists for 125 Czech National Nature Reserves and Monuments to test the validity of generally agreed 'reserve design rules' using multivariate ordination analyses. We used analyses of butterfly life history traits to seek for biological mechanisms responsible for butterfly community responses to geometric and heterogeneity characteristics of the reserves. We found that different design characteristics are important for individual species, depending on their life histories.
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Epidemiology analysis of the effect of air pollution on health at regional scale
Rychlíková, Eva ; Šrám, Radim (advisor) ; Bartoňová, Alena (referee) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee)
Epidemiology analysis of the effect of air pollution on health at regional scale MUDr. Eva Rychlíková ABSTRACT Work involves a health impact assessment of the air pollution of aerosol particles at the some important steps. It describes evidence on air pollution exposure in vulnerable groups of population and searches for the effects. An exposure is a component of causal chains of diseases coming from external origin. And just because it is the main condition. If there is no exposure, there is no health risk. For a possibility to prevent disease we need to know an exposure. We investigated exposure with an activity questionaire in the three groups of population whose would be to the environmental factors, mainly air pollution, vulnerable. The personal exposure was monitored in a group of children. In preparing the questionnaire, we respect the recommendation of US EPA and WHO. Sensitivity is determined by the properties of the organism, specific period of its evolution, lifestyle and behaviour, the circumstances under which exposure to pollution occurs. We evaluated the effects on health which included short-time mortality, long-time mortality and respiratory morbidity in children.The air pollution and its development were evaluated in the Ustecky Region, Region of Prague and Moravskoslezsky region. The...
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The role of exposure assessment in development of risk reduction strategies for air quality
Bartoňová, Alena ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee)
The relationship between deteriorated outdoor air quality and human health is one of the most studied environmental health issues. The concept of exposure, the link between environmental status and human health, has emerged in the late 1970's, recognizing that fixed monitoring stations do not represent concentrations at the places where persons spend time. Many advances have been made since. Characterizing the individual's exposure reduces uncertainty in links with health, but it implies a question about how exposure (as opposed to directly using concentrations) can be used in the regulatory process. This thesis addresses exposure assessment from several perspectives, with the aim to address its role in air quality management. We are interested in how to use exposure information for policy- and decision making, we investigate if a European-level subgroup-based exposure estimate can provide useful information for designing differentiated measures to protect specific groups, we design an exposure estimate for risk assessment in a specific situation with limited health and air pollution data, and we describe the challenges of the inherent inter-disciplinarity and suggest how to deal with them. We introduce the "full chain" approach to environmental health that links policy - pollution source -...
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Heat wave effect on mortality in summer 2003 and 2006 in Prague
Knobová, Veronika ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Bartoňová, Alena (referee)
Background: During August 2003 and July 2006 there were observed records of high temperature and high concentrations of pollutants across Europe. The effect of heat waves led to significant increases in total mortality, respiratory mortality and cardiovascular mortality. This study evaluates the association between exposure to the heat waves and daily non- accidental mortality, respiratory mortality and cardiovascular mortality in Prague, the Czech Republic. Methods: The effect of heat waves in summer 2003 and 2006 on mortality was investigated using the negative binomial regression (type of the Poisson model). Counts of death were regressed on temperature, long-term trends, season, day of week and concentrations of pollutants (O3 levels, PM10 levels, NO2 levels, SO2 levels, CO levels). We used one day lag. Results: We found an association between the heat waves in summer 2003 and 2006 and daily mortality and mortality on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. No statistically significant association was detected. The effect of the heat wave was more significant in women. Conclusions: The effect of the heat wave in August 2003 and July 2006 caused adverse effect on the mortality in Prague, though lower as compared to many other cities in Europe. Keywords: heat wave, mortality, temperature, ozone,...
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The impact of ambient ozone on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases of people living in Prague, 2002-2006
Řezáčová, Jana ; Bartoňová, Alena (referee) ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor)
Ambient ozone (O3) is one of significant components of atmospheric photochemical pollution. As a consequence of increasing emissions of its precursors and favourable meteorological conditions it is one of the most spread and most monitored atmosphere pollutants. O3 is a toxic gas unfavourably affecting human health. The study evaluates ambient ozone (O3) influence on the health of the people living in Prague, the capital of Czech Republic, during the period 2002-2006. Its specific theme is to investigate correlation between ambient ozone (O3) concentrations and daily mortality from all causes, daily mortality from cardiovascular diseases (diagnose I00-I99, ICD-10), daily mortality from respiratory diseases (diagnose J00-J99, ICD-10), daily hospitalizations from cardiovascular diseases (dg. I00-I99, ICD-10) and daily hospitalizations from respiratory diseases (dg. J00-J99, ICD-10). The correlations was evaluated via Poisson regression modelling, using generalized linear model procedure (GLM) in Stata program, allowing for overdispersion. Resulting correlations were adjusted to influence of climatic factors (temperature, humidity) and so-called calendar effects (long time trends, weekly runing days, holidays). Data analysis proved a statistically significant correlation between daily mortality from...
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