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Microarthropods and microbial participation in oak and beech litter decomposition
Farská, Jitka ; Jínová, Kristýna ; Jirout, Jiří ; Petrásek, Jiří ; Čápová, Lenka ; Rusek, Josef ; Krištůfek, Václav ; Elhottová, Dana ; Starý, Josef
The aim of our work was to describe the impact of a simulated vegetation zone shift to higher altitudes (i) on the quantity and quality of microarthropods and microbial communities, and (ii) on the decomposition rate of allochthonous leaf litter. In November 2002, 480 litterbags filled with oak or beech leaf litter were placed into spruce and beech forests (950 m a. s. l.) on Kleť Mt. (1083 m; Blanský les Protected Landscape Area, South Bohemia). Three different mesh sizes were used for certain soil biota exclusion: > 2 mm, 0.5 mm and 42 μm. Litterbags were sampled after 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months of exposure in the field. Litter pH and moisture were determined in the laboratory immediately after retrieval. Soil microarthropods (Oribatida, Gamasida and Collembola) were extracted using Tullgren funnels. Soil bacteria and micromycetes were isolated using the dilution plate method and specific growth media.
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Analýza bakteriálních izolátů a DNA ze společenstva ze čtyř různých sukcesních ploch na území po těžbě hnědého uhlí
Chroňáková, Alica ; Halbritter, A. ; Krištůfek, Václav ; Biró, B.
Microbial communities of 4 different stages (initial [0 years after heaping of the excavated material], early [10], middle [20] and late [42] of primary succession process were studied. They were characterized by genotyping methods: ARDRA - Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analyses and box-PCR - genomic fingerprinting using specific primer for boxA-element. Box-PCR method was chosen for comparison of methodological approaches used for characterization of heterotrophic bacterial communities. ARDRA patterns of eubacterial communities were so complex and there weren´t shown any differences among individual communities on different stages of primary succession process. Actinomycetes communities were analyzed using two sets of primers: Actinomycetes 1. (243F-1378R, Heuer et al. 1997) and Actinomycetes 2. (243F-A3R; Monciardini et al. 2002). Fingerprints, which were obtained using both of actinomycetes specific primers, showed differences between communities on the early and later stages of primary succession process. Boy-PCR analysis is still in data processing and will be published later
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Vliv půdní fauny na mikrobiální společenstvo v místech po těžbě hnědého uhlí - předběžná data z mikrokosmového pokusu
Frouz, Jan ; Elhottová, Dana
The effect of several guilds of soil fauna (mesofauna, litter feeding macroarthropods, litter dwelling earthworms and epigeic earthworm Lumbricus rubellus) and two litter types (Almus glutinosa or Salix caprea) on microbial community was studied in laboratory microcosms using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) approach. Increasing input of organic matter in to mineral soil madiated by fauna activity result in increase of total PLFA. Some groups of PLFA such as terminally branched saturates and straight monoenoics reflected this gradient by increasing its proportion in community, opposite was true for branched monoenoics and straight poyenoics
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Metodické aspekty studia biodiverzity v půdě
Šimek, Miloslav ; Krištůfek, Václav
Soil has many ecological and human-linked functions which can be fulfilled mostly due to the presence of countless living creatures - soil biota. Diversity of soil organisms is often linked to other important soil attributes, e.g. fertility, productivity, resilience, quality and health, as well as soil degradation. In this paper, concept of soil biodiversity is analysed and traditional and current methodological approaches in studying soil biodiversity are listed and briefly discussed
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