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Every vote counts: evidence on corruption culture peer effects from representatives' voting attendance
Lichard, Tomáš ; Žúdel, Branislav
In this paper we study the effect of peers and culture on corrupt behavior. We use the European Parliament (EP) as a natural laboratory, as Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) face the same institutional setting, however they differ in corruption culture due to different nationalities. The research question is whether and to what extent the corrupt behavior among MEPs from old EU member states changes after they interact with the MEPs from new EU member states who entered the European Parliament in 2004. We study this question by analyzing the patterns of shirking behavior, as MEPs recieve a per diem compensation for every day she signs the attendance sheet.
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Risk preferences under acute stress
Cingl, L. ; Cahlíková, Jana
Many important decisions are made under stress and they often involve risky alternatives. There has been ample evidence that stress impairs decision making in cognitive as well as in affective domains, but still very little is known about whether individual attitudes to risk change with exposure to acute stress. To directly evaluate the causal effect of stress on risk attitudes, we adopt an experimental approach in which we randomly expose participants to a psychosocial stressor in the form of a standard laboratory stress-induction procedure: the Trier Social Stress Test for Groups. Risk preferences are elicited using an incentive compatible task, which has been previously shown to predict risk-oriented behavior out of the laboratory.
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Regional distribution of German-Czech multinationals on the domestic market
Moritz, M. ; Münich, Daniel ; Schäffler, J. ; Srholec, Martin
The article deals with the domestic location of German multinational firms which have affiliates in the Czech Republic. Due to the common border the Czech Republic represents an attractive target country for both vertical and horizontal direct investments. On the one hand, the still existing wage gap offers the opportunity to offshore activities abroad by reason of cost advantages. On the other hand, the increasing purchasing power of Czech customers provides favorable chances to acquire a new market. On the basis of a register of firms made available by the German-Czech Chamber of Industry and Commerce we present findings on the growing economic integration between the two countries. Almost 80% of the headquarters of German investors are located in the four federal states Bavaria, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. The eastern German New Laender are far less engaged in investments in the neigh-boring country. We use count data models in order to account for the distribution of the dependent variable, i.e. the number of investors in the German domestic regions. Controlling for several economic factors it can be concluded that the headquarters of German multinationals investing in the Czech Republic are preferably located in areas with high regional GDP. The distance to the common border plays an important role for the decision to enter the Czech market. In addition, regions that are situated directly at the German-Czech border are involved at an above-average rate in foreign direct investment. Thereby, location patterns differ between manufacturing firms and both trading and service companies.
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