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Advantages and disadvantages of vermicomposting toilets
Svačinová, Kateřina ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Šereš, Michal (referee)
Decentralized human excreta sanitation systems, which include latrines or composting toilets for example, are among the sustainable methods of dealing with this biological waste. One possible way of dealing with human excrement is the vermicomposting method. This work deals with decentralized caused excreta sanitation using a vermicomposting toilet. The aim of the work was to evaluate the applicability of the vermicomposting method for the sanitation of human excrement and to compare this approach with more widespread methods of so-called dry sanitation, such as a composting toilet. The principles of both methods, the necessary conditions for the successful course of the process and the quality of the resulting sanitation products were described. Attention was focused not only on the presence of pathogenic organisms and the effectiveness of individual systems in their removal, but also on other possible pollutants from the group of personal care products or, for example, microplastics. Their potential effect on earthworm viability was also discussed. Other toilet paper can also be an important source of unwanted contamination. Part of the work was cooperation in the realization of an experimental vermicomposting toilet in the Dvůr Perlová voda complex in Kostelec nad Ohří. I found that...
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New methods of separation and processing of food waste in disposable packaging
Pokorný, Tomáš ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Šereš, Michal (referee)
Waste in general and plastic in particular is a big problem nowadays. The Czech Republic ranks among the winners in the sorting of plastic waste, but not all sorted waste is further used. According to the Plastics Europe portal (2022), the most used method of handling plastic waste in Europe is energy recovery, followed by recycling. It is precisely the increased share of recycling that would better correspond to the principles of the circular economy, which is why in my work I dealt with a new method of separation and processing of food waste in disposable packaging and the subsequent assessment of the usability of the separated plastics. Currently, the used method is waste crushing, separation of the biological component and its energy use in a biogas station. In the theoretical part of my bachelor's thesis, I focused on the general characteristics of vermicomposting, packaging, recycling, plastic waste, and last but not least, I describe the methods of handling bio-waste in supermarkets. Part of the work was an experiment that verified the potential of a newly designed method of separating biowaste and plastic disposable packaging using earthworms on a pilot scale. The experiment was based on the assumption that the earthworms used would be able to transform food waste in disposable packaging...
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Environmental aspects of wastewater treatment and reuse in nature based technologies
Šereš, Michal
In recent years, the issue of appropriate and efficient approaches to wastewater management and its potential reuse has become increasingly important in view of the geographical conditions of Central Europe, where, until recently, the problems associated with climate change and drought may not have seemed so pressing at first sight. Increasingly, so-called nature-based water management solutions, which help to both clean the water and retain it in the landscape, are being proposed. In drier, especially arid areas, this topic has been under discussion for many years and several examples of larger-scale applications are available. In the Czech Republic, on the other hand, mainly pilot applications only have been considered to date. However, the potential of nature-based solutions such as constructed wetlands, denitrification bioreactors, artificial wetlands and so-called reed bed units, is considerable. The advantages lie mainly in the robustness of these systems and their ability to mimic and intensify the natural water purification processes that occur in nature. They can be applied to waters contaminated with common fecal pollution or with higher nutrient content, as well as to waters contaminated with various types of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, hormonally-active substances and...
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Environmental aspects of wastewater treatment and reuse in nature based technologies
Šereš, Michal ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Uhlík, Ondřej (referee) ; Hanč, Aleš (referee)
In recent years, the issue of appropriate and efficient approaches to wastewater management and its potential reuse has become increasingly important in view of the geographical conditions of Central Europe, where, until recently, the problems associated with climate change and drought may not have seemed so pressing at first sight. Increasingly, so-called nature-based water management solutions, which help to both clean the water and retain it in the landscape, are being proposed. In drier, especially arid areas, this topic has been under discussion for many years and several examples of larger-scale applications are available. In the Czech Republic, on the other hand, mainly pilot applications only have been considered to date. However, the potential of nature-based solutions such as constructed wetlands, denitrification bioreactors, artificial wetlands and so-called reed bed units, is considerable. The advantages lie mainly in the robustness of these systems and their ability to mimic and intensify the natural water purification processes that occur in nature. They can be applied to waters contaminated with common fecal pollution or with higher nutrient content, as well as to waters contaminated with various types of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, hormonally-active substances and...
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Role of evaporation in the hydrological balance of small catchment
Šereš, Michal ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Matějíček, Luboš (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF SCIENCE INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ROLE OF EVAPORATION IN THE HYDROLOGICAL BALANCE OF SMALL CATCHEMENT bachelor thesis - MICHAL ERE Abstract This bachelor thesis called Role of evaporation in the hydrological balance of small catchment uses the measured data from an experimental drainage basins Zbytiny in the source area of Blanice in umava mountains. Its aim is to find appropriate ways of calculating a more accurate determination of the proportion of evapotranspiration for water balance of small watersheds with different land use cover.
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Modelling of surface water pollution in Krivoklatsko protected area using GIS
Šereš, Michal ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
Environmental modelling is lately becoming to be one of the most important decision support systems. Hydrological models present significant potential for use especially in area of surface and groundwater protection. In the diploma thesis, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to evaluate nitrate surface water pollution in nine catchments situated in Křivoklátsko protected area during the period of 2003 - 2010. Modelling process consist of assorted consequent steps. First the hydrological model of each catchment was created. Afterwards the sensitivity analysis was conducted to select most sensitive model parameters. Calibration process was carried out after the parameters selection using SWAT-CUP automatic calibration tool. Model results were visualized and evaluated. The results of the model suggested, that the area of interest was not widely endangered by nitrate pollution. Within each catchment the critical source areas of nitrate pollution were identified. It was observed that these areas are related with intensive agricultural areas. Nitrate leaching ranged from 6 kg.ha-1 to 10 kg.ha-1 per year in agriculture areas. Some areas exceed this amount. Nitrate loss from most of the area of interest ranged from 0 kg.ha-1 to 4 kg.ha-1 per year. Concentrations of nitrates in modeled...
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The effect of irrigation with treated wastewater on the development of soil hydrophobicity
Fojtová, Zuzana ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Šereš, Michal (referee)
In this work I have dealt with the influence of irrigation with treated wastewater on the development of soil hydrophobicity. In the theoretical part I deal with the influence of using treated wastewater on the development of hydrophobicity in soils irrigated in such manner, the methods used for measurement and in general the benefits and risks of application of treated wastewater to soil. In the practical part, I focused on measuring hydrophobicity using the Water Drop Penetration Time (WDPT) method. Soil samples originated from the Hostětín, where a long-term irrigation test with treated wastewater is underway. For the purpose of testing the WDPT method, soil samples taken at the beginning of the experiment (in 2018) were used, as well as long-term irrigated samples with treated wastewater from the constructed wetland under laboratory conditions. As a control served irrigation with well water and part of the samples from both variants was additionally irrigated with rainwater, which simulated the amount of precipitation that fell on average in the Zlín Region during the experiment. The water used for this experiment came from a constructed wetland close to the Perlová voda complex near Kostelec nad Ohří in the Ústí Region. The samples were irrigated for one year. The method was further tested on...
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Modelling of surface water pollution in Krivoklatsko protected area using GIS
Šereš, Michal ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
Environmental modelling is lately becoming to be one of the most important decision support systems. Hydrological models present significant potential for use especially in area of surface and groundwater protection. In the diploma thesis, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to evaluate nitrate surface water pollution in nine catchments situated in Křivoklátsko protected area during the period of 2003 - 2010. Modelling process consist of assorted consequent steps. First the hydrological model of each catchment was created. Afterwards the sensitivity analysis was conducted to select most sensitive model parameters. Calibration process was carried out after the parameters selection using SWAT-CUP automatic calibration tool. Model results were visualized and evaluated. The results of the model suggested, that the area of interest was not widely endangered by nitrate pollution. Within each catchment the critical source areas of nitrate pollution were identified. It was observed that these areas are related with intensive agricultural areas. Nitrate leaching ranged from 6 kg.ha-1 to 10 kg.ha-1 per year in agriculture areas. Some areas exceed this amount. Nitrate loss from most of the area of interest ranged from 0 kg.ha-1 to 4 kg.ha-1 per year. Concentrations of nitrates in modeled...
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Role of evaporation in the hydrological balance of small catchment
Šereš, Michal ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Matějíček, Luboš (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF SCIENCE INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ROLE OF EVAPORATION IN THE HYDROLOGICAL BALANCE OF SMALL CATCHEMENT bachelor thesis - MICHAL ERE Abstract This bachelor thesis called Role of evaporation in the hydrological balance of small catchment uses the measured data from an experimental drainage basins Zbytiny in the source area of Blanice in umava mountains. Its aim is to find appropriate ways of calculating a more accurate determination of the proportion of evapotranspiration for water balance of small watersheds with different land use cover.
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