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Arnoštka Maťová, life and professional contribution not only to Apolinar
Bauerová, Hana ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
Background: The Czech addiction treatment system is closely connected with the creation and development of the Apolinar model and with the name of Jaroslav Skála. Without a doubt, other people from the team around Jaroslav Skála had a great influence on the form of treatment and the entire treatment model, especially Skála's long-time work and life partner Arnoštka Maťová. Targets: Create a basic overview of Arnoštka Maťová's professional life and her contribution to the treatment of alcohol addiction. Methodology: A content analysis of written materials from publicly available sources and some publicly available audio-visual recordings was carried out. Results: Arnoštka Maťová was one of the founders of the systematic treatment of alcohol addiction in the Czech Republic. She worked at Apolinar since 1950, i.e. almost from the very beginning, and undoubtedly participated in the creation and development of the Apolinar model of addiction. The main professional topics on which she particularly focused were: partner therapy in the treatment of alcoholism, the involvement of partners in dinpatinet program and in the after-care phase, the after-care system, the development of the self-help movement, records and statistical processing of data on the treatment of alcoholism and its success, linking...
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Historical development of alcohol addiction treatment in the Psychiatric Hospital in Dobřany until 1989
Talpa, Radek ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Miovský, Michal (referee)
Background Abstract: Medical care for addicts began to develop in the territory of the Czech Republic after 1911. The foundation of the Apolinar established a pivotal treatment procedure. Subsequent medical facilities did not start blindly copying it, but partially deviated from it and sought their own paths. The Psychiatric Hospital in Dobřany was such a facility. Objective: The aim of the thesis is to map and present the development of alcoholism treatment in the Psychiatric Hospital in Dobřany in a closed historical unit. In the period from its creation to 1989. To find key moments in the development of new therapeutic-treatment approaches. Find and map any deviation from the original model of treatment in Apolinar. Method: The work is conceived as a qualitative study based on the analysis of the searched documents related to the topic of the work. Results: Through the conducted research, it was possible to compress a comprehensive picture of the development of alcoholism treatment in the Psychiatric Hospital in Dobřany until 1989. To find the key moments in the development of treatment and its deviation from the original model of treatment in Apolinar. Conclusion: The residential addiction treatment model in the Psychiatric Hospital in Dobřany follows on from the treatment in the Psychiatric...
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History of the use of addictive substances in the 20th century in the territory of the Czech Republic
Hrabalová, Hana ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Barták, Miroslav (referee)
Background: Since the desire for altered consciousness is innate in humans, addictive substances have accompanied life of humans since time immemorial. The twentieth century was a century of many changes, whether with regard to the way of life, political events or the use of addictive substances. The thesis focuses on the inventory and mapping of the development of the use of addictive substances in the territory of the Czech Republic in the 20th century. It focuses on the historical context of the development of use as well as the gradual development of legislation, treatment and prevention. Aims: The aim of this thesis was to acquaint the reader with the complex history of the use of addictive substances in the 20th century in the territory of the Czech Republic and to map the development of the use of addictive substances. Methods: This thesis is theoretical, the data was obtained from historical and modern articles, periodicals, internet and book publications. Results: It was possible to create a partially comprehensive mapping of the use of addictive substances in the territory of the Czech Republic in the 20th century, focusing on what substances were used and what events accompanied their use and development. Conclusion: Understanding the historical events and contexts of substance use can...
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History of services in the care of persons using psychoactive substances in the Marianna Oranžská Psychiatric Hospital
Kolompárová, Lada ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Barták, Miroslav (referee)
Background: Marianna Oranžská Psychiatric Hospital was established in 1954 and is an important device that operates in treating persons using psychoactive substances. The concept of the device was constantly modernized, modified and nowadays it is a facility providing a wide range of addiction services. The hospital has built a reputation and is sought after by clients from all over the Czech Republic. Aims: Creation of a comprehensive description of the historical development of the facilities and services provided in the Marianna Oranžská Psychiatric Hospital from the establishment of the facility in 1954 to the present. Methods: This bachelor's thesis used qualitative research, including a content analysis of historical sources and professional publications that were thematically related to the relevant facility. Data from historical sources were processed using open coding. Results: In 1954 a Psychiatric Hospital was established in the village of Bílá voda with three wards, one of which was anti-alcohol. The first director of the hospital was MUDr. Bohumil Podařil until 1981, after which MUDr. Jiří Vařeka took his place. During his tenure, the concept of the hospital changed and the character of treatment became more like a detention center or an asylum. In 1986 MUDr. Eugen Skula became the...
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The issue of victimization of drug users through the perspective of low-threshold addictology services workers in Prague
Metlická, Tereza ; Fidesová, Hana (advisor) ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (referee)
Background: Findings from research about victimization of drug user are repeated throughout the years and the authors themselves mention insufficient clarity of the phenomenon. Moreover, most of the available research is external so insight into the issue from the standpoint of czech enviroment is lacking. Drug users are excluded from victimization studies as well so we do not have detailed information about the process of victimazition. Results from victimization studies reflect the fact, that victimization of drug users is frequent, but that it is also a part of a complicated net of additional problems. Aims: The aim of this thesis was obtaining general findings about drug users as victims of criminal offence as well as information about the process and means being used in working with these individuals. The goal was to gain insight into cooperation with other services and organizations dealing with this subject. An essential objective of this thesis was to find how the workers in question navigate in the subject matter, gather information about the issue of not reporting crime and possible limitations and complications in working with drug users in the role of a victim of crime. Methods: The research of this thesis is mostly qualitative with elements of quantitative method. The qualitative...
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Chewing tobacco usage among high school students
Stehlíková, Kateřina ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
BACKGROUND: Chewing tobacco is a smokeless tobacco product that contains the substance nicotine. Nicotine is an addictive substance and is one of the most commonly used addictive substances in the general population. Secondary school students are a group of young people who may be affected by this tobacco product. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify and map patterns of chewing tobacco use among secondary school students, i.e. whether secondary school students have experience with chewing tobacco and, if so, to what extent they use it. METHODS: Data were collected using a quantitative questionnaire survey designed using the online survey tool Google forms. The questionnaire was featured on the social media platforms Instagram and Facebook. The data collected was further detailed in MS Excel. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 304 respondents participated in the study, of which three respondents were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Thus, the total number of respondents included in the study was 301, of which 231 (77%) were female and 70 (23%) were male. Of the total, 128 (42.5%) respondents reported experience with chewing tobacco. The most common age of first experience was between 15 and 18 years, reported by 92 (71.9%) respondents. 96 (75%) of the 128...
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Compulsory drug and alcohol treatment - imposition and execution of residential and outpatient treatment
Filipová, Gabriela ; Fidesová, Hana (advisor) ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (referee)
Background: The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of compulsory treatment of alcohol and drug addiction in terms of the imposition and performance of residental and outpatient treatment. Alcohol and anti-toxicomania compulosry treatment is one of the protective measures that can be imposed on an offender if he/she has committed a crime under the influence of or in connection with the use of alcohol or another addictive substance. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to map the course of the compulsory drug and alcohol treatment within the residental and outpatient form, under what circumstances and after what period of time is the form of compulsory treatment changed, or other changes that the law allows. Lastly, the attitude of the professional staff towards this court-imposed measure is examined. Meethods: By transcribing the interview, the results were obtained by descriptive method. The final size of the research sample is six respondents. The information obtained from the semi- structured interview was first recorded on a dictaphone in a mobile device and then converted from spoken word to text form by verbatim transcription. A pattern capture method was used as part of the data analysis method. Results: The results show the varying performance of compulsory treatment for alcohol and drug...
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Comparison and conceptual definition of various components of rehabilitation care within residential treatment programs for men based on the original Apolinář model of addiction treatment
Dékány, Ladislav ; Miovský, Michal (advisor) ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (referee)
Background: The Apolinář model of substance abuse treatment was formed between 1948 and 1958. Other facilities implemented this model based on the broader concept of physical rehabilitation. Currently, no information is available on the differences in the set of physical activities between the different programs, nor are they systematically described. The conceptualization and comparison of these activities in the context of the need to place rehabilitation care in addiction medicine within a broader concept should help to improve the quality and effectiveness of treatment. Aim: The aim was to describe, analyse and compare the physical rehabilitation activities of treatment programs for men based on the Apollinarian model. The sub-objective was to describe how these activities are conceptually defined, namely how frequent they are, the composition of their components, their scope, indications, technical and personnel support and the context in the program. The final objective was to compare the individual programmes based on the Apolinář model against the original form of the model at the point of its inception. Methods: Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with personnel in each addiction treatment department. The research sample of ten programs was selected by purposive...
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The use of methamphetamine between its discovery and the end of the 1950s
Knížková, Iva ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Popov, Petr (referee)
Backround: Methamphetamine was first synthesized in 1893 by Japanese chemist Nagai Nagayoshi. In 1919, another Japanese chemist for the first time synthesized methamphetamine in crystalline form. The compound was used as a remedy for asthma, fever, runny nose and pain. It was also used in psychiatry for the treatment of schizophrenia and addiction to alcohol or morphine. Methamphetamine was researched for its use in World War II, where it soon gained great popularity. Soldiers of Germany, Japan and the Allies abused it extensively in combat missions. After the end of the war, a methamphetamine crisis broke out in Japan due to the opening of methamphetamine warehouses. This crisis lasted until the end of the 1950s. Aims: The present research has two goals: to map different areas of use and abuse of methamphetamine from its discovery to the late 1950s (I) and to describe the history of methamphetamine, its use in the World War II and the subsequent methamphetamine epidemic in Japan (II). Methods: The thesis will be written using a content analysis of primary and secondary documents, which will be searched using databases made available to students of the Charles University. A universe will be defined. It will cover 3 categories: the history of methamphetamine, World War II and post-war Japan. In each...
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Current issues of metamphetamine use and support care of its users with a focus on Montgomery County, Maryland state in the USA
Pacák, Michaela ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Barták, Miroslav (referee)
Background: In the United States, methamphetamine use has increased significantly in recent years, resulting in an increase in overdose deaths. In 2020 alone, 2.6 million people in the country used this substance. Reasons leading to this trend are not described in the literature, nor is this issue documented from the perspective of individual US states. Aims: The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe the use of methamphetamine in Montgomery County, Maryland. Based on the study of methamphetamine problems in this county, the subsequent aim of this work is to evaluate the current care of methamphetamine users. Methods: A qualitative approach was used for data processing. Methods of pattern search and text coloring were used in the data analysis. The method of intentional (purposeful) selection through institutions was used to obtain data. Data collection was carried out using a semi- structured interview. Data interpretation was performed based on the selection of relevant information. Sample: The research sample included 5 semi-structured interviews with addiction specialists in this county, Maryland, including a visit to the Outpatient Addiction Treatment Center and the state therapeutic center Avery Road. The research sample also included fixation and analysis of written materials. Results:...
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