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Rose, oh pure contradiction... Form and funcion of philological "possibility"
Jakubcová, Alena ; Starý, Jiří (advisor) ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (referee)
The diploma thesis is based on the results of analysis of two literary works: Bebuquin (Carl Einstein) and Mein Name sei Gantenbein (Max Frisch). It express the changed worldview and understanding of literature at the turn of the ninetieth to the twentieth century and connect them into the term of possibility - as a new kind of lived and perceived reality. The analysis itself strides from one layer of the literary work to another and leads to the differentiation of the three possibility-types: the ›ambiguous diversion‹, ›open uncertainty‹ and ›empty incomprehensibility‹.
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The comparison of Grillparzer's and Horn's King Ottokar and the response of Czech cultural public to both plays
Mišoňová, Anežka ; Tvrdík, Milan (advisor) ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (referee)
This dissertation commences with a short overview of German and Czech poetry, drama and fiction on the Bohemian King Přemysl Ottokar II. The second chapter discusses the times in which the tragedy König Ottokars Glück und Ende by Franz Grillparzer was written, and the circumstances of its creation - including information on censorship, critical reaction by Czechs in Vienna, Grillparzer's relation to the Bohemians as well as a description of his stays in Moravia and Prague. The third chapter is concerned with the life of Uffo Daniel Horn, particularly with his political engagement with the revolution of 1848 and with changes in his relation to the Czech nation before and after the revolution. The fourth chapter offers comparisons of Horn's two versions of König Otakar, and of Grillparzer's and Horn's plays - in the light of their construction, action, protagonists and their characteristics. The final chapter deals with the responses of the Czech cultural public, in chronological order.
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Transformations and permanent aspects of the conflict between fathers and sons in twentieth- and twenty-first century German literature
Jansová, Kristina ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (advisor) ; Tvrdík, Milan (referee)
My diploma thesis is focused on literary analysis of the motif of relationship between father and son in the German literature of the 20th and 21st century. The aim was to investigate, in selected texts, the reasons and forms of periodic updating of this old literary motif in various stages of spiritual and social development of the last century. The original texts were selected on the basis of representativeness of the topic and from the time perspective for one generation. The selection contains following texts Franz Kafka's Das Urteil, Die Verwandlung, Walter Hasenclever's Der Sohn, Nicht der Mörder, der Ermordete ist schuldig by Franz Werfel, Vatermord by Arnolt Bronnen, Hamlet oder die lange Nacht nimmt ein Ende by Alfred Döblin, Der Schwarze Schwan by Martin Walser, Das Buch des Vaters by Urs Widmer and Am Seil by Thomas Lang. Constants of the relationship between father and son have had to be identified because each particular relationship naturally bears individual features and is influenced by the time period in which it exists. The constants served as a scaffold for the thesis and were used as the main criterion for analysis of the investigated texts. First, the constant of the father's nature and its influence on the upbringing and relationship with his son was used. Second, the reactions of the...
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Gender and memory in the intergenerational debates on the Nazism era. Culturological interpretations of selected recent German novels
Pučalíková, Lenka ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (advisor) ; Weinberg, Manfred (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with three contemporary German novels from the point of view of cultural studies and social psychology, in which the characters within the institution of family intergenerationally cope with the National Socialist past. Quotations from the texts aim to document how the thematic units of recollection, memory, generation and gender are related, and also to enlighten the fine nuances in the used terms, such as collective, cultural and communicative memory, or official and private memory. Family talk serves as a means of communication; it demonstrates what the individual members of the family remember in relation to the period of National Socialism, World War II and the Holocaust, what they have forgotten, how the memories differ according to generation or gender, and what changes the memories undergo over time. KEYWORDS Recollection, memory, remembering, forgetting, generation, gender, collective memory, cultural memory, communicative memory, generation memory, family memory, family talk, family history, family stories, National Socialism
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Literary portrayal of the mother character in selected novels by Elfriede Jelinek
Povejšilová, Klára ; Tvrdík, Milan (advisor) ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (referee)
In the beginning of my thesis there is an overview of the mother and woman role from the Middle Age till the present. In the first chapter I introduce four mothers from two novels by Elfriede Jelinek. I'm trying to display the way they are portrayed in a political system and a concrete period. The Next chapter explains the terms "sex" and "gender". Elfriede Jelinek shows the feminine and masculine principles as stereotypical. Disequilibrium between these two principles concludes to the lability of an individuum and the society. The author reduces females to their bodies. The body is being considered a product of a capitalist market. In the fascist-regime the body is an object which is aimed for liquidation. The dirtiness-motive appears as a metaphor for the way of thinking of petty bourgeois, for the complicity and guilt for Nazi crimes and also as a metaphor for feminine physiological procedures. The next chapter is dedicated to the mother and father-children-relation. The children deprecate their parents but at the same time they repeat their behavior. The border-motive is typical for both chosen novels. The children try to cross the social and also the geographical border (Anna's studies in the USA, Erika's world wide popularity). The last chapter treats Jelinek's linguistic method. I mentioned...
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Dramatist and performer Werner Schwab. A contribution to Austrian postmodernism
Narwová, Michaela ; Tvrdík, Milan (advisor) ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (referee)
The thesis gives a comprehensive picture of Werner Schwab, Austrian playwright and performer. He ranked among the most performed German-speaking authors at the time of his death in 1994. The main objective of this work, whose basis lies in Schwab's dramatic production, is to provide a comprehensive monographic study. The thesis deals not only with the dramas, but also with their relationship to the theatrical production of Thomas Bernhard and Elfriede Jelinek. The chapter on the author's personal life is followed by chapters "Postdramatic Theatre", "Theatre of Cruelty", and "Folk Play", where you can find the answer to the question of the place of Schwab's drama in the overall concept of literature at the end of the 20th century. Particular attention is paid to the unique language usage he developed, called "Schwabisch" after the author.
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Asthetics and attitudes of the "new objectivity" in the "Zeitroman" of the late Weimar Republic
Jobová, Karolina ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (advisor) ; Weinberg, Manfred (referee)
- english The focal points of this thesis are the aesthetic principles and categories of the "new objectivity" and their development in the literary scientific discourse (1913-1932), as well as their establishment in the literary production as a reaction to the preceding period of expressionism. Using the four "new objective" novels, the goal is to demonstrate the artistic procedures, issues and typical characters of the "new objectivity" as a dominant literary movement of the '20's and the beginning of '30's. At the same time, a special attention is dedicated to the social climate, the impact of the Great Depression on the professional life and on unemployment as well as to the emancipation of women and picture of "new woman", the polarization of the political spectrum, the political and ideological positions of the typical characters, as well as the role of the media such as film and press and other aspects of the contemporary reality, all of which is reflected in the selected literary works. As a starting point of the stylistic and content analysis were selected "new objective" novels of the late period of the Weimar Republic, published after 1929. Since they all reflect the current events of the time, they can be classified as period novels ("Zeitromane"). The following novels were analysed:...
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The transformation of the "Sanftes Gesetz" by Stifter from "Studien" to "Der Nachsommer"
Balcarová, Markéta ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (referee) ; Tvrdík, Milan (advisor)
In my thesis, I focused on Adalbert Stifter's concept of nature and explored how he develops it, from his early collection of short stories Studies (Studien) to his later collection Colorful Stones (Bunte Steine) and finally in his novel entitled Indian Summer (Der Nachsommer). I also worked on identifying to what degree it was influenced by "the gentle law" (das sanfte Gesetz) , formulated in the Preface (Vorrede) to Colorful Stones. In my introduction, I attempted a summary of the Biedermeier characteristics present in Stifter's work. In addition, I touched on the traits of previous or emerging literary movements that heavily influenced Stifter, whose work is generally considered as typical of the Biedermeier movement. In order to forge links between "the gentle law" and the prose chosen for analysis, I also addressed the Preface to Colorful Stones, where "the gentle law" is conceptualised. Using the examples "big" (groß), "small" (klein) and "gentle" (sanft), I established that there is already an anticipation of "the gentle law" in Studies and that the principles of "the gentle law" can also be found in his later novel, Indian Summer. The chapter in which I follow the development of Stifter's nature concept constitutes the principal part of my thesis. I distinguish between five concepts of nature, so as...
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The Austrian avant-garde literature in the 1960' on the examples of Peter Handke and Wolfgang Bauer
Stejskal, Zdeněk ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (referee) ; Tvrdík, Milan (advisor)
Austrian avant-garde literature is nowadays considered an integral part of German literary history. Focusing on the avant-garde's early stage of the 1960s, the thesis seeks to look into (a) the conditions which gave rise to the progressive literature in the Austria of that time, and (b) its concrete manifestations in the works of the young authors. The opening part explains the origins of such a radical approach to form and content across literary genres. After 1945, Austrian culture and arts did not face the uncertain choice of literature in Germany, where another parting of the ways came in 1947, with the fundamentally different approaches between the West and the East. In Austria the initial debate was more efficient: the official policies clearly aimed at re-establishment of the modern and stable values as presented by the Austrian interwar great story-tellers such as Robert Musil and Hermann Broch. These efforts, however, were soon to become counterproductive. The conservative, and cumbersomely obsolete policies of the grand coalition between the social democratic SPÖ party and the newly established ÖVP party failed to provide fertile land for young authors, who grew up in the 1960s. It was these authors in particular who felt that the cultural and political atmosphere was extremely rigid, and that the...
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Mythology and history. Studies on the literature of German romanticism and postwar period (1945-1953)
Zbytovský, Štěpán ; Weinberg, Manfred (advisor) ; Todorow, Almut (referee) ; Krappmann, Jorg (referee)
Disertační práce Mythologie und Geschichte. Studien zur deutschen Prosa der Romantik und der frühen Nachkriegszeit (1945-1953) se zabývá integrací mytologických prvků do literárního obrazu dějin. Hlavním předmětem je poválečná německá literatura, vzhledem k významu německého romantismu pro koncepce literárního mytologismu i pro interpretovaná díla je zařazena studie k romantickým konceptům mytologie. Úvodní diskuse ukazuje vývoj moderního pojmu mýtu od antropologických konceptů, jež shrnuje do kategorie 'mytické epistémé'(L. Lévy-Bruhl, E. Cassirer, M. Eliade), přes strukturální analýzu (C. Lévi-Strauss) až k historizaci pojmu mýtu v paradigmatech literární historie a "dějin idejí", k nimž patří i preferovaný koncept G. von Graevenitze. Studie věnovaná romantismu ukazuje kontinuitu mezi ranými koncepty tzv. "nové mytologie" (F. Schlegel, Schelling) a diskurzem o mýtu v pozdějších fázích (A. von Arnim, J. Grimm). Interpretace próz Heinrich von Ofterdingen F. von Hardenberga (Novalise), Der goldne Topf E.T.A. Hoffmanna a Die Majorats-Herren A. von Arnima dokládají kritickou recepci a dekompozici "nové mytologie". Část zaměřená na literaturu kolem r. 1945 analyzuje pojem mýtu v nacistické ideologické 'vědě' a literatuře. Ukazuje důležité tendence v esejistice poválečných let: snahu o očištění mytologie jako...
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