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Biting midges as vectors of infectious diseases and their distribution in CR
Galková, Zdeňka ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Munclinger, Pavel (referee)
Tiplíci (rod Culicoides) jsou drobný krevsající hmyz (Diptera) patřící do čeledi Ceratopogonidae. Vyskytují se po celém světě a jsou známí zejména pro svůj medicínský a veterinární význam. Působí jako trapiči a přenašeči onemocnění člověka i hospodářských zvířat. V současné době představují tito dvoukřídlí aktuální problém v souvislosti s šířením onemocnění zvaném katarální horečka ovcí, působeného Bluetongue virem a přenášeného tiplíky. Toto onemocnění se od roku 2006 rozšířilo v podstatě po celé Evropě včetně ČR, kde byl první případ zaznamenán na podzim roku 2007. Na území ČR probíhá od roku 2008 monitoring přenašečů a tato práce shrnuje výsledky tohoto projektu za první dva roky. Během let 2008 a 2009 bylo odchyceno cca 200 tisíc jedinců rodu Culicoides náležící ke 31 druhům, z nichž 3 druhy nebyly doposud na území ČR zaznamenány. Dále proběhla detekce patogenů tiplíků, která u nich potvrdila výskyt jednohostitelských trypanosomatid z rodů Herpetomonas, Crithidia a Wallaceina a několika druhů vícehostitelských trypanosomatid (rod Trypanosoma). Zároveň byli v tiplících zaznamenáni zástupci parazitických červů (Mermithidae). Okrajově jsme se zaměřili i na parazity koutulí (podčeleď Psychodinae), u nichž jsme detekovali zástupce jednohostitelských trypanosomatid a parazitických nálevníků. KLÍČOVÁ...
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Types of Leishmania development in phlebotomine species
Nováková, Julie ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Sádlová, Jovana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to depict the means of Leishmania development in sand flies (Phlebotominae). Three main Leishmania evolutionary branches (subgenera Leishmania, Viannia and Sauroleishmania) have a slightly different development in the vector, the Sauroleishmania development being the least known. The vector-bound development of the subgenus Leishmania is localized in the midgut and foregut of the sand fly solely, whereas species of the Viannia subgenus occur in the hindgut (although the necessity of this phase for a successful development and infection of the vertebrate host is a matter of doubt) and the subgenus Sauroleishmania development is according to literature confined to the hindgut. Quite little is known about the genus Endotrypanum, according to phylogenetic data set inside the Leishmania group. In my bachelor thesis, I review up-to-date literature on the topic of different types of Leishmania development inside the sand flies and their probable reasons.
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GEOMORPHOLOGY OF VELKÝ AND MALÝ BLANÍK
Bártová, Jitka ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Verner, Kryštof (referee)
Thie thesis consists of three main parts: an introduction, a description of physical conditions in the studied area and a main part which includes results of geomorphologic research and mapping. The area of interest is situated in central Bohemia in preserved area called Blanik. In the region there are two structural hills where the research was done. The names of these hills are Velký and Malý Blaník. Geologic structure of the region is built of Proterozoic - Paleozoic metamorphic rocks of Moldanubicum. Moldanubicum is represented here by muscovite - biotite orthogneiss (called blanicka ) and muscovite - biotite paragneiss. Both hills are created by muscovite - biotite orthogneiss so all the landforms are of its origin. There were classified structural, cryogenic, fluvial and other landforms in this thesis. Special attention was paid to cryogenic forms: frost - riven cliffs, cryoplanation plateaux, pseudocirques, block fields and many others. Almost 1000 measurements of joints were done. Cloose` s rosettes show systems of joints which prove tectonic system in the region and determine different mezoforms. Mapping brought some more results. Fluvial erosional and accumulative forms were classified as well as the anthropogenous forms. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Monoxenous trypanosomatids of invertebrates
Havlová, Jolana ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Varga, Vladimír (referee)
The class Kinetoplastea contains free-living and parasitic species. One of the most dominant group within the class is the order Trypanosomatida which includes obligate parasites (Trypanosoma, Leishmania) infecting a wide range of hosts. Some species are serious pathogens of humans and domestic animals and cause considerable losses. However, the majority of trypanosomatids belongs to monoxenous parasites of insect which are usually harmless to their hosts. Monoxenous trypanosomatids predominantly infect Hemiptera and Diptera. This diploma thesis is focused on the detection of monoxenous trypanosomatids in cockroaches captured in the Czech Republic and cockroaches from different breedings. Cockroaches are very suitable mechanical vectors of many different pathogens (including parasites) and are significant health threat for humans and animals. First trypanosomatids in cockroaches were documented at the beginning of the 20th century, but there is no study focused on this topic specifically. Another aim of this thesis is morphological and ultramicroscopic analysis and the study of the host specificity of the recently described species Herpetomonas tarakana, isolated from a cockroach. My findings were partly used in the already published study "Diversity of trypanosomatids in cockroaches and the...
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Autogeny by phlebotomine sandflies
Pavlasová, Michaela ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Sádlová, Jovana (referee)
1 Abstract In haematophagous insect autogeny means an eggs development and ability to set first egg batch without previous blood-feeding on a host. Autogeny developed in several groups of invertebrates mainly order Diptera and more rarely orders Heteroptera and Acari. It occurs mostly as an alternative possibility of development in case of unsuitable conditions or absence of hosts. This thesis includes present findings about autogeny among subfamily Phlebotominae and families Culicidae, Simuliidae, Ceratopogonidae and Tabanidae. The thesis focuses on factors influencing autogeny such as nutrition during larval development, geographic and genetic factors, temperature and photoperiodic aspects. The thesis is targeted mostly on sandflies, important vectors of many pathogens, and on influence of autogeny on its vectorial potential. Key words: autogeny, ovarian development, Phlebotomus, Culicidae, Simuliidae, Ceratopogonidae, Tabanidae
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